hwmon: Add support for Lineage Compact Power Line PEM devices

This patch adds support for hardware monitoring of Lineage Compact Power Line
Power Entry Modules.

Reviewed-by: Tom Grennan <tom.grennan@ericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <guenter.roeck@ericsson.com>
This commit is contained in:
Guenter Roeck 2010-09-29 20:12:08 -07:00
parent 4e9be65059
commit 502b5a0199
4 changed files with 678 additions and 0 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
Kernel driver lineage-pem
=========================
Supported devices:
* Lineage Compact Power Line Power Entry Modules
Prefix: 'lineage-pem'
Addresses scanned: -
Documentation:
http://www.lineagepower.com/oem/pdf/CPLI2C.pdf
Author: Guenter Roeck <guenter.roeck@ericsson.com>
Description
-----------
This driver supports various Lineage Compact Power Line DC/DC and AC/DC
converters such as CP1800, CP2000AC, CP2000DC, CP2100DC, and others.
Lineage CPL power entry modules are nominally PMBus compliant. However, most
standard PMBus commands are not supported. Specifically, all hardware monitoring
and status reporting commands are non-standard. For this reason, a standard
PMBus driver can not be used.
Usage Notes
-----------
This driver does not probe for Lineage CPL devices, since there is no register
which can be safely used to identify the chip. You will have to instantiate
the devices explicitly.
Example: the following will load the driver for a Lineage PEM at address 0x40
on I2C bus #1:
$ modprobe lineage-pem
$ echo lineage-pem 0x40 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device
All Lineage CPL power entry modules have a built-in I2C bus master selector
(PCA9541). To ensure device access, this driver should only be used as client
driver to the pca9541 I2C master selector driver.
Sysfs entries
-------------
All Lineage CPL devices report output voltage and device temperature as well as
alarms for output voltage, temperature, input voltage, input current, input power,
and fan status.
Input voltage, input current, input power, and fan speed measurement is only
supported on newer devices. The driver detects if those attributes are supported,
and only creates respective sysfs entries if they are.
in1_input Output voltage (mV)
in1_min_alarm Output undervoltage alarm
in1_max_alarm Output overvoltage alarm
in1_crit Output voltage critical alarm
in2_input Input voltage (mV, optional)
in2_alarm Input voltage alarm
curr1_input Input current (mA, optional)
curr1_alarm Input overcurrent alarm
power1_input Input power (uW, optional)
power1_alarm Input power alarm
fan1_input Fan 1 speed (rpm, optional)
fan2_input Fan 2 speed (rpm, optional)
fan3_input Fan 3 speed (rpm, optional)
temp1_input
temp1_max
temp1_crit
temp1_alarm
temp1_crit_alarm
temp1_fault

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@ -467,6 +467,17 @@ config SENSORS_JC42
This driver can also be built as a module. If so, the module
will be called jc42.
config SENSORS_LINEAGE
tristate "Lineage Compact Power Line Power Entry Module"
depends on I2C && EXPERIMENTAL
help
If you say yes here you get support for the Lineage Compact Power Line
series of DC/DC and AC/DC converters such as CP1800, CP2000AC,
CP2000DC, CP2725, and others.
This driver can also be built as a module. If so, the module
will be called lineage-pem.
config SENSORS_LM63
tristate "National Semiconductor LM63 and LM64"
depends on I2C

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@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_JC42) += jc42.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_JZ4740) += jz4740-hwmon.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_K8TEMP) += k8temp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_K10TEMP) += k10temp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_LINEAGE) += lineage-pem.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_LIS3LV02D) += lis3lv02d.o hp_accel.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_LIS3_SPI) += lis3lv02d.o lis3lv02d_spi.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SENSORS_LIS3_I2C) += lis3lv02d.o lis3lv02d_i2c.o

589
drivers/hwmon/lineage-pem.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
/*
* Driver for Lineage Compact Power Line series of power entry modules.
*
* Copyright (C) 2010, 2011 Ericsson AB.
*
* Documentation:
* http://www.lineagepower.com/oem/pdf/CPLI2C.pdf
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/hwmon.h>
#include <linux/hwmon-sysfs.h>
/*
* This driver supports various Lineage Compact Power Line DC/DC and AC/DC
* converters such as CP1800, CP2000AC, CP2000DC, CP2100DC, and others.
*
* The devices are nominally PMBus compliant. However, most standard PMBus
* commands are not supported. Specifically, all hardware monitoring and
* status reporting commands are non-standard. For this reason, a standard
* PMBus driver can not be used.
*
* All Lineage CPL devices have a built-in I2C bus master selector (PCA9541).
* To ensure device access, this driver should only be used as client driver
* to the pca9541 I2C master selector driver.
*/
/* Command codes */
#define PEM_OPERATION 0x01
#define PEM_CLEAR_INFO_FLAGS 0x03
#define PEM_VOUT_COMMAND 0x21
#define PEM_VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT 0x40
#define PEM_READ_DATA_STRING 0xd0
#define PEM_READ_INPUT_STRING 0xdc
#define PEM_READ_FIRMWARE_REV 0xdd
#define PEM_READ_RUN_TIMER 0xde
#define PEM_FAN_HI_SPEED 0xdf
#define PEM_FAN_NORMAL_SPEED 0xe0
#define PEM_READ_FAN_SPEED 0xe1
/* offsets in data string */
#define PEM_DATA_STATUS_2 0
#define PEM_DATA_STATUS_1 1
#define PEM_DATA_ALARM_2 2
#define PEM_DATA_ALARM_1 3
#define PEM_DATA_VOUT_LSB 4
#define PEM_DATA_VOUT_MSB 5
#define PEM_DATA_CURRENT 6
#define PEM_DATA_TEMP 7
/* Virtual entries, to report constants */
#define PEM_DATA_TEMP_MAX 10
#define PEM_DATA_TEMP_CRIT 11
/* offsets in input string */
#define PEM_INPUT_VOLTAGE 0
#define PEM_INPUT_POWER_LSB 1
#define PEM_INPUT_POWER_MSB 2
/* offsets in fan data */
#define PEM_FAN_ADJUSTMENT 0
#define PEM_FAN_FAN1 1
#define PEM_FAN_FAN2 2
#define PEM_FAN_FAN3 3
/* Status register bits */
#define STS1_OUTPUT_ON (1 << 0)
#define STS1_LEDS_FLASHING (1 << 1)
#define STS1_EXT_FAULT (1 << 2)
#define STS1_SERVICE_LED_ON (1 << 3)
#define STS1_SHUTDOWN_OCCURRED (1 << 4)
#define STS1_INT_FAULT (1 << 5)
#define STS1_ISOLATION_TEST_OK (1 << 6)
#define STS2_ENABLE_PIN_HI (1 << 0)
#define STS2_DATA_OUT_RANGE (1 << 1)
#define STS2_RESTARTED_OK (1 << 1)
#define STS2_ISOLATION_TEST_FAIL (1 << 3)
#define STS2_HIGH_POWER_CAP (1 << 4)
#define STS2_INVALID_INSTR (1 << 5)
#define STS2_WILL_RESTART (1 << 6)
#define STS2_PEC_ERR (1 << 7)
/* Alarm register bits */
#define ALRM1_VIN_OUT_LIMIT (1 << 0)
#define ALRM1_VOUT_OUT_LIMIT (1 << 1)
#define ALRM1_OV_VOLT_SHUTDOWN (1 << 2)
#define ALRM1_VIN_OVERCURRENT (1 << 3)
#define ALRM1_TEMP_WARNING (1 << 4)
#define ALRM1_TEMP_SHUTDOWN (1 << 5)
#define ALRM1_PRIMARY_FAULT (1 << 6)
#define ALRM1_POWER_LIMIT (1 << 7)
#define ALRM2_5V_OUT_LIMIT (1 << 1)
#define ALRM2_TEMP_FAULT (1 << 2)
#define ALRM2_OV_LOW (1 << 3)
#define ALRM2_DCDC_TEMP_HIGH (1 << 4)
#define ALRM2_PRI_TEMP_HIGH (1 << 5)
#define ALRM2_NO_PRIMARY (1 << 6)
#define ALRM2_FAN_FAULT (1 << 7)
#define FIRMWARE_REV_LEN 4
#define DATA_STRING_LEN 9
#define INPUT_STRING_LEN 5 /* 4 for most devices */
#define FAN_SPEED_LEN 5
struct pem_data {
struct device *hwmon_dev;
struct mutex update_lock;
bool valid;
bool fans_supported;
int input_length;
unsigned long last_updated; /* in jiffies */
u8 firmware_rev[FIRMWARE_REV_LEN];
u8 data_string[DATA_STRING_LEN];
u8 input_string[INPUT_STRING_LEN];
u8 fan_speed[FAN_SPEED_LEN];
};
static int pem_read_block(struct i2c_client *client, u8 command, u8 *data,
int data_len)
{
u8 block_buffer[I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX];
int result;
result = i2c_smbus_read_block_data(client, command, block_buffer);
if (unlikely(result < 0))
goto abort;
if (unlikely(result == 0xff || result != data_len)) {
result = -EIO;
goto abort;
}
memcpy(data, block_buffer, data_len);
result = 0;
abort:
return result;
}
static struct pem_data *pem_update_device(struct device *dev)
{
struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
struct pem_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
struct pem_data *ret = data;
mutex_lock(&data->update_lock);
if (time_after(jiffies, data->last_updated + HZ) || !data->valid) {
int result;
/* Read data string */
result = pem_read_block(client, PEM_READ_DATA_STRING,
data->data_string,
sizeof(data->data_string));
if (unlikely(result < 0)) {
ret = ERR_PTR(result);
goto abort;
}
/* Read input string */
if (data->input_length) {
result = pem_read_block(client, PEM_READ_INPUT_STRING,
data->input_string,
data->input_length);
if (unlikely(result < 0)) {
ret = ERR_PTR(result);
goto abort;
}
}
/* Read fan speeds */
if (data->fans_supported) {
result = pem_read_block(client, PEM_READ_FAN_SPEED,
data->fan_speed,
sizeof(data->fan_speed));
if (unlikely(result < 0)) {
ret = ERR_PTR(result);
goto abort;
}
}
i2c_smbus_write_byte(client, PEM_CLEAR_INFO_FLAGS);
data->last_updated = jiffies;
data->valid = 1;
}
abort:
mutex_unlock(&data->update_lock);
return ret;
}
static long pem_get_data(u8 *data, int len, int index)
{
long val;
switch (index) {
case PEM_DATA_VOUT_LSB:
val = (data[index] + (data[index+1] << 8)) * 5 / 2;
break;
case PEM_DATA_CURRENT:
val = data[index] * 200;
break;
case PEM_DATA_TEMP:
val = data[index] * 1000;
break;
case PEM_DATA_TEMP_MAX:
val = 97 * 1000; /* 97 degrees C per datasheet */
break;
case PEM_DATA_TEMP_CRIT:
val = 107 * 1000; /* 107 degrees C per datasheet */
break;
default:
WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
val = 0;
}
return val;
}
static long pem_get_input(u8 *data, int len, int index)
{
long val;
switch (index) {
case PEM_INPUT_VOLTAGE:
if (len == INPUT_STRING_LEN)
val = (data[index] + (data[index+1] << 8) - 75) * 1000;
else
val = (data[index] - 75) * 1000;
break;
case PEM_INPUT_POWER_LSB:
if (len == INPUT_STRING_LEN)
index++;
val = (data[index] + (data[index+1] << 8)) * 1000000L;
break;
default:
WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
val = 0;
}
return val;
}
static long pem_get_fan(u8 *data, int len, int index)
{
long val;
switch (index) {
case PEM_FAN_FAN1:
case PEM_FAN_FAN2:
case PEM_FAN_FAN3:
val = data[index] * 100;
break;
default:
WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
val = 0;
}
return val;
}
/*
* Show boolean, either a fault or an alarm.
* .nr points to the register, .index is the bit mask to check
*/
static ssize_t pem_show_bool(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *da, char *buf)
{
struct sensor_device_attribute_2 *attr = to_sensor_dev_attr_2(da);
struct pem_data *data = pem_update_device(dev);
u8 status;
if (IS_ERR(data))
return PTR_ERR(data);
status = data->data_string[attr->nr] & attr->index;
return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", !!status);
}
static ssize_t pem_show_data(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *da,
char *buf)
{
struct sensor_device_attribute *attr = to_sensor_dev_attr(da);
struct pem_data *data = pem_update_device(dev);
long value;
if (IS_ERR(data))
return PTR_ERR(data);
value = pem_get_data(data->data_string, sizeof(data->data_string),
attr->index);
return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%ld\n", value);
}
static ssize_t pem_show_input(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *da,
char *buf)
{
struct sensor_device_attribute *attr = to_sensor_dev_attr(da);
struct pem_data *data = pem_update_device(dev);
long value;
if (IS_ERR(data))
return PTR_ERR(data);
value = pem_get_input(data->input_string, sizeof(data->input_string),
attr->index);
return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%ld\n", value);
}
static ssize_t pem_show_fan(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *da,
char *buf)
{
struct sensor_device_attribute *attr = to_sensor_dev_attr(da);
struct pem_data *data = pem_update_device(dev);
long value;
if (IS_ERR(data))
return PTR_ERR(data);
value = pem_get_fan(data->fan_speed, sizeof(data->fan_speed),
attr->index);
return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%ld\n", value);
}
/* Voltages */
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(in1_input, S_IRUGO, pem_show_data, NULL,
PEM_DATA_VOUT_LSB);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(in1_min_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_2, ALRM2_OV_LOW);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(in1_max_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_1, ALRM1_VOUT_OUT_LIMIT);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(in1_crit_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_1, ALRM1_OV_VOLT_SHUTDOWN);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(in2_input, S_IRUGO, pem_show_input, NULL,
PEM_INPUT_VOLTAGE);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(in2_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_1,
ALRM1_VIN_OUT_LIMIT | ALRM1_PRIMARY_FAULT);
/* Currents */
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(curr1_input, S_IRUGO, pem_show_data, NULL,
PEM_DATA_CURRENT);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(curr1_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_1, ALRM1_VIN_OVERCURRENT);
/* Power */
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(power1_input, S_IRUGO, pem_show_input, NULL,
PEM_INPUT_POWER_LSB);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(power1_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_1, ALRM1_POWER_LIMIT);
/* Fans */
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(fan1_input, S_IRUGO, pem_show_fan, NULL,
PEM_FAN_FAN1);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(fan2_input, S_IRUGO, pem_show_fan, NULL,
PEM_FAN_FAN2);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(fan3_input, S_IRUGO, pem_show_fan, NULL,
PEM_FAN_FAN3);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(fan1_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_2, ALRM2_FAN_FAULT);
/* Temperatures */
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(temp1_input, S_IRUGO, pem_show_data, NULL,
PEM_DATA_TEMP);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(temp1_max, S_IRUGO, pem_show_data, NULL,
PEM_DATA_TEMP_MAX);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR(temp1_crit, S_IRUGO, pem_show_data, NULL,
PEM_DATA_TEMP_CRIT);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(temp1_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_1, ALRM1_TEMP_WARNING);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(temp1_crit_alarm, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_1, ALRM1_TEMP_SHUTDOWN);
static SENSOR_DEVICE_ATTR_2(temp1_fault, S_IRUGO, pem_show_bool, NULL,
PEM_DATA_ALARM_2, ALRM2_TEMP_FAULT);
static struct attribute *pem_attributes[] = {
&sensor_dev_attr_in1_input.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_in1_min_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_in1_max_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_in1_crit_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_in2_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_curr1_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_power1_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_fan1_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_temp1_input.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_temp1_max.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_temp1_crit.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_temp1_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_temp1_crit_alarm.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_temp1_fault.dev_attr.attr,
NULL,
};
static const struct attribute_group pem_group = {
.attrs = pem_attributes,
};
static struct attribute *pem_input_attributes[] = {
&sensor_dev_attr_in2_input.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_curr1_input.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_power1_input.dev_attr.attr,
};
static const struct attribute_group pem_input_group = {
.attrs = pem_input_attributes,
};
static struct attribute *pem_fan_attributes[] = {
&sensor_dev_attr_fan1_input.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_fan2_input.dev_attr.attr,
&sensor_dev_attr_fan3_input.dev_attr.attr,
};
static const struct attribute_group pem_fan_group = {
.attrs = pem_fan_attributes,
};
static int pem_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
struct i2c_adapter *adapter = client->adapter;
struct pem_data *data;
int ret;
if (!i2c_check_functionality(adapter, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA
| I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE))
return -ENODEV;
data = kzalloc(sizeof(*data), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!data)
return -ENOMEM;
i2c_set_clientdata(client, data);
mutex_init(&data->update_lock);
/*
* We use the next two commands to determine if the device is really
* there.
*/
ret = pem_read_block(client, PEM_READ_FIRMWARE_REV,
data->firmware_rev, sizeof(data->firmware_rev));
if (ret < 0)
goto out_kfree;
ret = i2c_smbus_write_byte(client, PEM_CLEAR_INFO_FLAGS);
if (ret < 0)
goto out_kfree;
dev_info(&client->dev, "Firmware revision %d.%d.%d\n",
data->firmware_rev[0], data->firmware_rev[1],
data->firmware_rev[2]);
/* Register sysfs hooks */
ret = sysfs_create_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_group);
if (ret)
goto out_kfree;
/*
* Check if input readings are supported.
* This is the case if we can read input data,
* and if the returned data is not all zeros.
* Note that input alarms are always supported.
*/
ret = pem_read_block(client, PEM_READ_INPUT_STRING,
data->input_string,
sizeof(data->input_string) - 1);
if (!ret && (data->input_string[0] || data->input_string[1] ||
data->input_string[2]))
data->input_length = sizeof(data->input_string) - 1;
else if (ret < 0) {
/* Input string is one byte longer for some devices */
ret = pem_read_block(client, PEM_READ_INPUT_STRING,
data->input_string,
sizeof(data->input_string));
if (!ret && (data->input_string[0] || data->input_string[1] ||
data->input_string[2] || data->input_string[3]))
data->input_length = sizeof(data->input_string);
}
ret = 0;
if (data->input_length) {
ret = sysfs_create_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_input_group);
if (ret)
goto out_remove_groups;
}
/*
* Check if fan speed readings are supported.
* This is the case if we can read fan speed data,
* and if the returned data is not all zeros.
* Note that the fan alarm is always supported.
*/
ret = pem_read_block(client, PEM_READ_FAN_SPEED,
data->fan_speed,
sizeof(data->fan_speed));
if (!ret && (data->fan_speed[0] || data->fan_speed[1] ||
data->fan_speed[2] || data->fan_speed[3])) {
data->fans_supported = true;
ret = sysfs_create_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_fan_group);
if (ret)
goto out_remove_groups;
}
data->hwmon_dev = hwmon_device_register(&client->dev);
if (IS_ERR(data->hwmon_dev)) {
ret = PTR_ERR(data->hwmon_dev);
goto out_remove_groups;
}
return 0;
out_remove_groups:
sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_input_group);
sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_fan_group);
sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_group);
out_kfree:
kfree(data);
return ret;
}
static int pem_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
struct pem_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
hwmon_device_unregister(data->hwmon_dev);
sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_input_group);
sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_fan_group);
sysfs_remove_group(&client->dev.kobj, &pem_group);
kfree(data);
return 0;
}
static const struct i2c_device_id pem_id[] = {
{"lineage_pem", 0},
{}
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, pem_id);
static struct i2c_driver pem_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "lineage_pem",
},
.probe = pem_probe,
.remove = pem_remove,
.id_table = pem_id,
};
static int __init pem_init(void)
{
return i2c_add_driver(&pem_driver);
}
static void __exit pem_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&pem_driver);
}
MODULE_AUTHOR("Guenter Roeck <guenter.roeck@ericsson.com>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Lineage CPL PEM hardware monitoring driver");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(pem_init);
module_exit(pem_exit);