2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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/*
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* mm/readahead.c - address_space-level file readahead.
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*
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* Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds
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*
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* 09Apr2002 akpm@zip.com.au
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* Initial version.
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*/
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#include <linux/kernel.h>
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#include <linux/fs.h>
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#include <linux/mm.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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#include <linux/blkdev.h>
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#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
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2006-12-10 10:19:40 +00:00
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#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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#include <linux/pagevec.h>
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void default_unplug_io_fn(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, struct page *page)
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{
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_unplug_io_fn);
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2007-07-19 08:47:58 +00:00
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/*
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* Convienent macros for min/max read-ahead pages.
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* Note that MAX_RA_PAGES is rounded down, while MIN_RA_PAGES is rounded up.
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* The latter is necessary for systems with large page size(i.e. 64k).
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*/
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#define MAX_RA_PAGES (VM_MAX_READAHEAD*1024 / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)
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#define MIN_RA_PAGES DIV_ROUND_UP(VM_MIN_READAHEAD*1024, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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struct backing_dev_info default_backing_dev_info = {
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2007-07-19 08:47:58 +00:00
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.ra_pages = MAX_RA_PAGES,
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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.state = 0,
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.capabilities = BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY,
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.unplug_io_fn = default_unplug_io_fn,
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};
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EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(default_backing_dev_info);
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/*
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* Initialise a struct file's readahead state. Assumes that the caller has
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* memset *ra to zero.
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*/
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void
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file_ra_state_init(struct file_ra_state *ra, struct address_space *mapping)
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{
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ra->ra_pages = mapping->backing_dev_info->ra_pages;
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2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
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ra->prev_index = -1;
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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}
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2006-01-30 08:53:33 +00:00
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EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(file_ra_state_init);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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/*
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* Return max readahead size for this inode in number-of-pages.
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*/
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static inline unsigned long get_max_readahead(struct file_ra_state *ra)
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{
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return ra->ra_pages;
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}
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static inline unsigned long get_min_readahead(struct file_ra_state *ra)
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{
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2007-07-19 08:47:58 +00:00
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return MIN_RA_PAGES;
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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}
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2006-03-22 08:08:47 +00:00
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static inline void reset_ahead_window(struct file_ra_state *ra)
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{
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/*
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* ... but preserve ahead_start + ahead_size value,
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* see 'recheck:' label in page_cache_readahead().
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* Note: We never use ->ahead_size as rvalue without
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* checking ->ahead_start != 0 first.
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*/
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ra->ahead_size += ra->ahead_start;
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ra->ahead_start = 0;
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}
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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static inline void ra_off(struct file_ra_state *ra)
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{
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ra->start = 0;
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ra->flags = 0;
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ra->size = 0;
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2006-03-22 08:08:47 +00:00
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reset_ahead_window(ra);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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return;
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}
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/*
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* Set the initial window size, round to next power of 2 and square
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* for small size, x 4 for medium, and x 2 for large
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* for 128k (32 page) max ra
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* 1-8 page = 32k initial, > 8 page = 128k initial
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*/
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static unsigned long get_init_ra_size(unsigned long size, unsigned long max)
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{
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unsigned long newsize = roundup_pow_of_two(size);
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2006-03-22 08:08:48 +00:00
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if (newsize <= max / 32)
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newsize = newsize * 4;
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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else if (newsize <= max / 4)
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2006-03-22 08:08:48 +00:00
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newsize = newsize * 2;
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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else
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newsize = max;
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return newsize;
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}
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/*
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* Set the new window size, this is called only when I/O is to be submitted,
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* not for each call to readahead. If a cache miss occured, reduce next I/O
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* size, else increase depending on how close to max we are.
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*/
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static inline unsigned long get_next_ra_size(struct file_ra_state *ra)
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{
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unsigned long max = get_max_readahead(ra);
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unsigned long min = get_min_readahead(ra);
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unsigned long cur = ra->size;
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unsigned long newsize;
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if (ra->flags & RA_FLAG_MISS) {
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ra->flags &= ~RA_FLAG_MISS;
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newsize = max((cur - 2), min);
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} else if (cur < max / 16) {
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newsize = 4 * cur;
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} else {
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newsize = 2 * cur;
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}
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return min(newsize, max);
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}
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#define list_to_page(head) (list_entry((head)->prev, struct page, lru))
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/**
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2006-06-25 12:48:08 +00:00
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* read_cache_pages - populate an address space with some pages & start reads against them
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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* @mapping: the address_space
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* @pages: The address of a list_head which contains the target pages. These
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* pages have their ->index populated and are otherwise uninitialised.
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* @filler: callback routine for filling a single page.
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* @data: private data for the callback routine.
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*
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* Hides the details of the LRU cache etc from the filesystems.
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*/
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int read_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping, struct list_head *pages,
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int (*filler)(void *, struct page *), void *data)
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{
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struct page *page;
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struct pagevec lru_pvec;
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int ret = 0;
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pagevec_init(&lru_pvec, 0);
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while (!list_empty(pages)) {
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page = list_to_page(pages);
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list_del(&page->lru);
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if (add_to_page_cache(page, mapping, page->index, GFP_KERNEL)) {
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page_cache_release(page);
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continue;
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}
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ret = filler(data, page);
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if (!pagevec_add(&lru_pvec, page))
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__pagevec_lru_add(&lru_pvec);
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if (ret) {
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2006-12-07 04:36:46 +00:00
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put_pages_list(pages);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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break;
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}
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2006-12-10 10:19:40 +00:00
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task_io_account_read(PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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}
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pagevec_lru_add(&lru_pvec);
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return ret;
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(read_cache_pages);
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static int read_pages(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
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struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages)
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{
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unsigned page_idx;
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struct pagevec lru_pvec;
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2005-12-15 22:28:17 +00:00
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int ret;
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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if (mapping->a_ops->readpages) {
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ret = mapping->a_ops->readpages(filp, mapping, pages, nr_pages);
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2006-11-03 06:07:06 +00:00
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/* Clean up the remaining pages */
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put_pages_list(pages);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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goto out;
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}
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pagevec_init(&lru_pvec, 0);
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for (page_idx = 0; page_idx < nr_pages; page_idx++) {
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struct page *page = list_to_page(pages);
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list_del(&page->lru);
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if (!add_to_page_cache(page, mapping,
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page->index, GFP_KERNEL)) {
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2006-06-25 12:46:46 +00:00
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mapping->a_ops->readpage(filp, page);
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if (!pagevec_add(&lru_pvec, page))
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__pagevec_lru_add(&lru_pvec);
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} else
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page_cache_release(page);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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}
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pagevec_lru_add(&lru_pvec);
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2005-12-15 22:28:17 +00:00
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ret = 0;
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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out:
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return ret;
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}
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/*
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* Readahead design.
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*
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* The fields in struct file_ra_state represent the most-recently-executed
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* readahead attempt:
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*
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* start: Page index at which we started the readahead
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* size: Number of pages in that read
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* Together, these form the "current window".
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* Together, start and size represent the `readahead window'.
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2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
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* prev_index: The page which the readahead algorithm most-recently inspected.
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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* It is mainly used to detect sequential file reading.
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* If page_cache_readahead sees that it is again being called for
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* a page which it just looked at, it can return immediately without
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* making any state changes.
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2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
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* offset: Offset in the prev_index where the last read ended - used for
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2007-05-06 21:49:25 +00:00
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* detection of sequential file reading.
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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* ahead_start,
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* ahead_size: Together, these form the "ahead window".
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* ra_pages: The externally controlled max readahead for this fd.
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*
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* When readahead is in the off state (size == 0), readahead is disabled.
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2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
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* In this state, prev_index is used to detect the resumption of sequential I/O.
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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*
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* The readahead code manages two windows - the "current" and the "ahead"
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* windows. The intent is that while the application is walking the pages
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* in the current window, I/O is underway on the ahead window. When the
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* current window is fully traversed, it is replaced by the ahead window
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* and the ahead window is invalidated. When this copying happens, the
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* new current window's pages are probably still locked. So
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* we submit a new batch of I/O immediately, creating a new ahead window.
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*
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* So:
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*
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* ----|----------------|----------------|-----
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* ^start ^start+size
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* ^ahead_start ^ahead_start+ahead_size
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*
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* ^ When this page is read, we submit I/O for the
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* ahead window.
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*
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* A `readahead hit' occurs when a read request is made against a page which is
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* the next sequential page. Ahead window calculations are done only when it
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* is time to submit a new IO. The code ramps up the size agressively at first,
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* but slow down as it approaches max_readhead.
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*
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* Any seek/ramdom IO will result in readahead being turned off. It will resume
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* at the first sequential access.
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*
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* There is a special-case: if the first page which the application tries to
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* read happens to be the first page of the file, it is assumed that a linear
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* read is about to happen and the window is immediately set to the initial size
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* based on I/O request size and the max_readahead.
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*
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* This function is to be called for every read request, rather than when
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* it is time to perform readahead. It is called only once for the entire I/O
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* regardless of size unless readahead is unable to start enough I/O to satisfy
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* the request (I/O request > max_readahead).
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*/
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/*
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* do_page_cache_readahead actually reads a chunk of disk. It allocates all
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* the pages first, then submits them all for I/O. This avoids the very bad
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* behaviour which would occur if page allocations are causing VM writeback.
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* We really don't want to intermingle reads and writes like that.
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*
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* Returns the number of pages requested, or the maximum amount of I/O allowed.
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*
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* do_page_cache_readahead() returns -1 if it encountered request queue
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* congestion.
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*/
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static int
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__do_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
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2007-07-19 08:47:57 +00:00
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pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read,
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unsigned long lookahead_size)
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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{
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struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
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struct page *page;
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unsigned long end_index; /* The last page we want to read */
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LIST_HEAD(page_pool);
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int page_idx;
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int ret = 0;
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loff_t isize = i_size_read(inode);
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if (isize == 0)
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goto out;
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2007-07-19 08:47:57 +00:00
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end_index = ((isize - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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/*
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* Preallocate as many pages as we will need.
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*/
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read_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
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for (page_idx = 0; page_idx < nr_to_read; page_idx++) {
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2005-11-07 08:59:28 +00:00
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pgoff_t page_offset = offset + page_idx;
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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if (page_offset > end_index)
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break;
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page = radix_tree_lookup(&mapping->page_tree, page_offset);
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if (page)
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continue;
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read_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
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page = page_cache_alloc_cold(mapping);
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read_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
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if (!page)
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break;
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page->index = page_offset;
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list_add(&page->lru, &page_pool);
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2007-07-19 08:47:57 +00:00
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if (page_idx == nr_to_read - lookahead_size)
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SetPageReadahead(page);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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ret++;
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}
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read_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
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/*
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* Now start the IO. We ignore I/O errors - if the page is not
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* uptodate then the caller will launch readpage again, and
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* will then handle the error.
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*/
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if (ret)
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read_pages(mapping, filp, &page_pool, ret);
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BUG_ON(!list_empty(&page_pool));
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out:
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return ret;
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}
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/*
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|
|
* Chunk the readahead into 2 megabyte units, so that we don't pin too much
|
|
|
|
* memory at once.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
int force_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
|
2005-11-07 08:59:28 +00:00
|
|
|
pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read)
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int ret = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(!mapping->a_ops->readpage && !mapping->a_ops->readpages))
|
|
|
|
return -EINVAL;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
while (nr_to_read) {
|
|
|
|
int err;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long this_chunk = (2 * 1024 * 1024) / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (this_chunk > nr_to_read)
|
|
|
|
this_chunk = nr_to_read;
|
|
|
|
err = __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp,
|
2007-07-19 08:47:57 +00:00
|
|
|
offset, this_chunk, 0);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
if (err < 0) {
|
|
|
|
ret = err;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ret += err;
|
|
|
|
offset += this_chunk;
|
|
|
|
nr_to_read -= this_chunk;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return ret;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Check how effective readahead is being. If the amount of started IO is
|
|
|
|
* less than expected then the file is partly or fully in pagecache and
|
|
|
|
* readahead isn't helping.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static inline int check_ra_success(struct file_ra_state *ra,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long nr_to_read, unsigned long actual)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (actual == 0) {
|
|
|
|
ra->cache_hit += nr_to_read;
|
|
|
|
if (ra->cache_hit >= VM_MAX_CACHE_HIT) {
|
|
|
|
ra_off(ra);
|
|
|
|
ra->flags |= RA_FLAG_INCACHE;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
ra->cache_hit=0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* This version skips the IO if the queue is read-congested, and will tell the
|
|
|
|
* block layer to abandon the readahead if request allocation would block.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* force_page_cache_readahead() will ignore queue congestion and will block on
|
|
|
|
* request queues.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
int do_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
|
2005-11-07 08:59:28 +00:00
|
|
|
pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read)
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (bdi_read_congested(mapping->backing_dev_info))
|
|
|
|
return -1;
|
|
|
|
|
2007-07-19 08:47:57 +00:00
|
|
|
return __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset, nr_to_read, 0);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Read 'nr_to_read' pages starting at page 'offset'. If the flag 'block'
|
|
|
|
* is set wait till the read completes. Otherwise attempt to read without
|
|
|
|
* blocking.
|
2006-06-26 16:35:02 +00:00
|
|
|
* Returns 1 meaning 'success' if read is successful without switching off
|
|
|
|
* readahead mode. Otherwise return failure.
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static int
|
|
|
|
blockable_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
|
2005-11-07 08:59:28 +00:00
|
|
|
pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read,
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
struct file_ra_state *ra, int block)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int actual;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!block && bdi_read_congested(mapping->backing_dev_info))
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
2007-07-19 08:47:57 +00:00
|
|
|
actual = __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset, nr_to_read, 0);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return check_ra_success(ra, nr_to_read, actual);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static int make_ahead_window(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
|
|
|
|
struct file_ra_state *ra, int force)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
int block, ret;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ra->ahead_size = get_next_ra_size(ra);
|
|
|
|
ra->ahead_start = ra->start + ra->size;
|
|
|
|
|
2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
|
|
|
block = force || (ra->prev_index >= ra->ahead_start);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
ret = blockable_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp,
|
|
|
|
ra->ahead_start, ra->ahead_size, ra, block);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!ret && !force) {
|
|
|
|
/* A read failure in blocking mode, implies pages are
|
|
|
|
* all cached. So we can safely assume we have taken
|
|
|
|
* care of all the pages requested in this call.
|
|
|
|
* A read failure in non-blocking mode, implies we are
|
|
|
|
* reading more pages than requested in this call. So
|
|
|
|
* we safely assume we have taken care of all the pages
|
|
|
|
* requested in this call.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Just reset the ahead window in case we failed due to
|
|
|
|
* congestion. The ahead window will any way be closed
|
|
|
|
* in case we failed due to excessive page cache hits.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2006-03-22 08:08:47 +00:00
|
|
|
reset_ahead_window(ra);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return ret;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2005-11-07 08:59:28 +00:00
|
|
|
/**
|
|
|
|
* page_cache_readahead - generic adaptive readahead
|
|
|
|
* @mapping: address_space which holds the pagecache and I/O vectors
|
|
|
|
* @ra: file_ra_state which holds the readahead state
|
|
|
|
* @filp: passed on to ->readpage() and ->readpages()
|
|
|
|
* @offset: start offset into @mapping, in PAGE_CACHE_SIZE units
|
|
|
|
* @req_size: hint: total size of the read which the caller is performing in
|
|
|
|
* PAGE_CACHE_SIZE units
|
|
|
|
*
|
2007-07-19 08:47:57 +00:00
|
|
|
* page_cache_readahead() is the main function. It performs the adaptive
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
* readahead window size management and submits the readahead I/O.
|
2005-11-07 08:59:28 +00:00
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Note that @filp is purely used for passing on to the ->readpage[s]()
|
|
|
|
* handler: it may refer to a different file from @mapping (so we may not use
|
2006-12-08 10:37:21 +00:00
|
|
|
* @filp->f_mapping or @filp->f_path.dentry->d_inode here).
|
2005-11-07 08:59:28 +00:00
|
|
|
* Also, @ra may not be equal to &@filp->f_ra.
|
|
|
|
*
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
unsigned long
|
|
|
|
page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file_ra_state *ra,
|
2005-11-07 08:59:28 +00:00
|
|
|
struct file *filp, pgoff_t offset, unsigned long req_size)
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned long max, newsize;
|
|
|
|
int sequential;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* We avoid doing extra work and bogusly perturbing the readahead
|
|
|
|
* window expansion logic.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
|
|
|
if (offset == ra->prev_index && --req_size)
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
++offset;
|
|
|
|
|
2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
|
|
|
/* Note that prev_index == -1 if it is a first read */
|
|
|
|
sequential = (offset == ra->prev_index + 1);
|
|
|
|
ra->prev_index = offset;
|
|
|
|
ra->prev_offset = 0;
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
max = get_max_readahead(ra);
|
|
|
|
newsize = min(req_size, max);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* No readahead or sub-page sized read or file already in cache */
|
|
|
|
if (newsize == 0 || (ra->flags & RA_FLAG_INCACHE))
|
|
|
|
goto out;
|
|
|
|
|
2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
|
|
|
ra->prev_index += newsize - 1;
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Special case - first read at start of file. We'll assume it's
|
|
|
|
* a whole-file read and grow the window fast. Or detect first
|
|
|
|
* sequential access
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (sequential && ra->size == 0) {
|
|
|
|
ra->size = get_init_ra_size(newsize, max);
|
|
|
|
ra->start = offset;
|
|
|
|
if (!blockable_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset,
|
|
|
|
ra->size, ra, 1))
|
|
|
|
goto out;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If the request size is larger than our max readahead, we
|
|
|
|
* at least want to be sure that we get 2 IOs in flight and
|
|
|
|
* we know that we will definitly need the new I/O.
|
|
|
|
* once we do this, subsequent calls should be able to overlap
|
|
|
|
* IOs,* thus preventing stalls. so issue the ahead window
|
|
|
|
* immediately.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (req_size >= max)
|
|
|
|
make_ahead_window(mapping, filp, ra, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
goto out;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Now handle the random case:
|
|
|
|
* partial page reads and first access were handled above,
|
|
|
|
* so this must be the next page otherwise it is random
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!sequential) {
|
|
|
|
ra_off(ra);
|
|
|
|
blockable_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset,
|
|
|
|
newsize, ra, 1);
|
|
|
|
goto out;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* If we get here we are doing sequential IO and this was not the first
|
|
|
|
* occurence (ie we have an existing window)
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (ra->ahead_start == 0) { /* no ahead window yet */
|
|
|
|
if (!make_ahead_window(mapping, filp, ra, 0))
|
2006-03-22 08:08:47 +00:00
|
|
|
goto recheck;
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
2006-03-22 08:08:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Already have an ahead window, check if we crossed into it.
|
|
|
|
* If so, shift windows and issue a new ahead window.
|
|
|
|
* Only return the #pages that are in the current window, so that
|
|
|
|
* we get called back on the first page of the ahead window which
|
|
|
|
* will allow us to submit more IO.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
|
|
|
if (ra->prev_index >= ra->ahead_start) {
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
ra->start = ra->ahead_start;
|
|
|
|
ra->size = ra->ahead_size;
|
|
|
|
make_ahead_window(mapping, filp, ra, 0);
|
2006-03-22 08:08:47 +00:00
|
|
|
recheck:
|
2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
|
|
|
/* prev_index shouldn't overrun the ahead window */
|
|
|
|
ra->prev_index = min(ra->prev_index,
|
2006-03-22 08:08:47 +00:00
|
|
|
ra->ahead_start + ra->ahead_size - 1);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
out:
|
2007-05-06 21:49:26 +00:00
|
|
|
return ra->prev_index + 1;
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
2006-03-23 11:00:11 +00:00
|
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_readahead);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* handle_ra_miss() is called when it is known that a page which should have
|
|
|
|
* been present in the pagecache (we just did some readahead there) was in fact
|
|
|
|
* not found. This will happen if it was evicted by the VM (readahead
|
|
|
|
* thrashing)
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Turn on the cache miss flag in the RA struct, this will cause the RA code
|
|
|
|
* to reduce the RA size on the next read.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
void handle_ra_miss(struct address_space *mapping,
|
|
|
|
struct file_ra_state *ra, pgoff_t offset)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
ra->flags |= RA_FLAG_MISS;
|
|
|
|
ra->flags &= ~RA_FLAG_INCACHE;
|
2005-09-06 22:17:06 +00:00
|
|
|
ra->cache_hit = 0;
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Given a desired number of PAGE_CACHE_SIZE readahead pages, return a
|
|
|
|
* sensible upper limit.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
unsigned long max_sane_readahead(unsigned long nr)
|
|
|
|
{
|
2007-02-10 09:43:05 +00:00
|
|
|
return min(nr, (node_page_state(numa_node_id(), NR_INACTIVE)
|
|
|
|
+ node_page_state(numa_node_id(), NR_FREE_PAGES)) / 2);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
2007-07-19 08:47:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Submit IO for the read-ahead request in file_ra_state.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
unsigned long ra_submit(struct file_ra_state *ra,
|
|
|
|
struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned long ra_size;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long la_size;
|
|
|
|
int actual;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ra_size = ra_readahead_size(ra);
|
|
|
|
la_size = ra_lookahead_size(ra);
|
|
|
|
actual = __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp,
|
|
|
|
ra->ra_index, ra_size, la_size);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return actual;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ra_submit);
|
readahead: on-demand readahead logic
This is a minimal readahead algorithm that aims to replace the current one.
It is more flexible and reliable, while maintaining almost the same behavior
and performance. Also it is full integrated with adaptive readahead.
It is designed to be called on demand:
- on a missing page, to do synchronous readahead
- on a lookahead page, to do asynchronous readahead
In this way it eliminated the awkward workarounds for cache hit/miss,
readahead thrashing, retried read, and unaligned read. It also adopts the
data structure introduced by adaptive readahead, parameterizes readahead
pipelining with `lookahead_index', and reduces the current/ahead windows to
one single window.
HEURISTICS
The logic deals with four cases:
- sequential-next
found a consistent readahead window, so push it forward
- random
standalone small read, so read as is
- sequential-first
create a new readahead window for a sequential/oversize request
- lookahead-clueless
hit a lookahead page not associated with the readahead window,
so create a new readahead window and ramp it up
In each case, three parameters are determined:
- readahead index: where the next readahead begins
- readahead size: how much to readahead
- lookahead size: when to do the next readahead (for pipelining)
BEHAVIORS
The old behaviors are maximally preserved for trivial sequential/random reads.
Notable changes are:
- It no longer imposes strict sequential checks.
It might help some interleaved cases, and clustered random reads.
It does introduce risks of a random lookahead hit triggering an
unexpected readahead. But in general it is more likely to do good
than to do evil.
- Interleaved reads are supported in a minimal way.
Their chances of being detected and proper handled are still low.
- Readahead thrashings are better handled.
The current readahead leads to tiny average I/O sizes, because it
never turn back for the thrashed pages. They have to be fault in
by do_generic_mapping_read() one by one. Whereas the on-demand
readahead will redo readahead for them.
OVERHEADS
The new code reduced the overheads of
- excessively calling the readahead routine on small sized reads
(the current readahead code insists on seeing all requests)
- doing a lot of pointless page-cache lookups for small cached files
(the current readahead only turns itself off after 256 cache hits,
unfortunately most files are < 1MB, so never see that chance)
That accounts for speedup of
- 0.3% on 1-page sequential reads on sparse file
- 1.2% on 1-page cache hot sequential reads
- 3.2% on 256-page cache hot sequential reads
- 1.3% on cache hot `tar /lib`
However, it does introduce one extra page-cache lookup per cache miss, which
impacts random reads slightly. That's 1% overheads for 1-page random reads on
sparse file.
PERFORMANCE
The basic benchmark setup is
- 2.6.20 kernel with on-demand readahead
- 1MB max readahead size
- 2.9GHz Intel Core 2 CPU
- 2GB memory
- 160G/8M Hitachi SATA II 7200 RPM disk
The benchmarks show that
- it maintains the same performance for trivial sequential/random reads
- sysbench/OLTP performance on MySQL gains up to 8%
- performance on readahead thrashing gains up to 3 times
iozone throughput (KB/s): roughly the same
==========================================
iozone -c -t1 -s 4096m -r 64k
2.6.20 on-demand gain
first run
" Initial write " 61437.27 64521.53 +5.0%
" Rewrite " 47893.02 48335.20 +0.9%
" Read " 62111.84 62141.49 +0.0%
" Re-read " 62242.66 62193.17 -0.1%
" Reverse Read " 50031.46 49989.79 -0.1%
" Stride read " 8657.61 8652.81 -0.1%
" Random read " 13914.28 13898.23 -0.1%
" Mixed workload " 19069.27 19033.32 -0.2%
" Random write " 14849.80 14104.38 -5.0%
" Pwrite " 62955.30 65701.57 +4.4%
" Pread " 62209.99 62256.26 +0.1%
second run
" Initial write " 60810.31 66258.69 +9.0%
" Rewrite " 49373.89 57833.66 +17.1%
" Read " 62059.39 62251.28 +0.3%
" Re-read " 62264.32 62256.82 -0.0%
" Reverse Read " 49970.96 50565.72 +1.2%
" Stride read " 8654.81 8638.45 -0.2%
" Random read " 13901.44 13949.91 +0.3%
" Mixed workload " 19041.32 19092.04 +0.3%
" Random write " 14019.99 14161.72 +1.0%
" Pwrite " 64121.67 68224.17 +6.4%
" Pread " 62225.08 62274.28 +0.1%
In summary, writes are unstable, reads are pretty close on average:
access pattern 2.6.20 on-demand gain
Read 62085.61 62196.38 +0.2%
Re-read 62253.49 62224.99 -0.0%
Reverse Read 50001.21 50277.75 +0.6%
Stride read 8656.21 8645.63 -0.1%
Random read 13907.86 13924.07 +0.1%
Mixed workload 19055.29 19062.68 +0.0%
Pread 62217.53 62265.27 +0.1%
aio-stress: roughly the same
============================
aio-stress -l -s4096 -r128 -t1 -o1 knoppix511-dvd-cn.iso
aio-stress -l -s4096 -r128 -t1 -o3 knoppix511-dvd-cn.iso
2.6.20 on-demand delta
sequential 92.57s 92.54s -0.0%
random 311.87s 312.15s +0.1%
sysbench fileio: roughly the same
=================================
sysbench --test=fileio --file-io-mode=async --file-test-mode=rndrw \
--file-total-size=4G --file-block-size=64K \
--num-threads=001 --max-requests=10000 --max-time=900 run
threads 2.6.20 on-demand delta
first run
1 59.1974s 59.2262s +0.0%
2 58.0575s 58.2269s +0.3%
4 48.0545s 47.1164s -2.0%
8 41.0684s 41.2229s +0.4%
16 35.8817s 36.4448s +1.6%
32 32.6614s 32.8240s +0.5%
64 23.7601s 24.1481s +1.6%
128 24.3719s 23.8225s -2.3%
256 23.2366s 22.0488s -5.1%
second run
1 59.6720s 59.5671s -0.2%
8 41.5158s 41.9541s +1.1%
64 25.0200s 23.9634s -4.2%
256 22.5491s 20.9486s -7.1%
Note that the numbers are not very stable because of the writes.
The overall performance is close when we sum all seconds up:
sum all up 495.046s 491.514s -0.7%
sysbench oltp (trans/sec): up to 8% gain
========================================
sysbench --test=oltp --oltp-table-size=10000000 --oltp-read-only \
--mysql-socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock \
--mysql-user=root --mysql-password=readahead \
--num-threads=064 --max-requests=10000 --max-time=900 run
10000-transactions run
threads 2.6.20 on-demand gain
1 62.81 64.56 +2.8%
2 67.97 70.93 +4.4%
4 81.81 85.87 +5.0%
8 94.60 97.89 +3.5%
16 99.07 104.68 +5.7%
32 95.93 104.28 +8.7%
64 96.48 103.68 +7.5%
5000-transactions run
1 48.21 48.65 +0.9%
8 68.60 70.19 +2.3%
64 70.57 74.72 +5.9%
2000-transactions run
1 37.57 38.04 +1.3%
2 38.43 38.99 +1.5%
4 45.39 46.45 +2.3%
8 51.64 52.36 +1.4%
16 54.39 55.18 +1.5%
32 52.13 54.49 +4.5%
64 54.13 54.61 +0.9%
That's interesting results. Some investigations show that
- MySQL is accessing the db file non-uniformly: some parts are
more hot than others
- It is mostly doing 4-page random reads, and sometimes doing two
reads in a row, the latter one triggers a 16-page readahead.
- The on-demand readahead leaves many lookahead pages (flagged
PG_readahead) there. Many of them will be hit, and trigger
more readahead pages. Which might save more seeks.
- Naturally, the readahead windows tend to lie in hot areas,
and the lookahead pages in hot areas is more likely to be hit.
- The more overall read density, the more possible gain.
That also explains the adaptive readahead tricks for clustered random reads.
readahead thrashing: 3 times better
===================================
We boot kernel with "mem=128m single", and start a 100KB/s stream on every
second, until reaching 200 streams.
max throughput min avg I/O size
2.6.20: 5MB/s 16KB
on-demand: 15MB/s 140KB
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <wfg@mail.ustc.edu.cn>
Cc: Steven Pratt <slpratt@austin.ibm.com>
Cc: Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-19 08:48:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Get the previous window size, ramp it up, and
|
|
|
|
* return it as the new window size.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static unsigned long get_next_ra_size2(struct file_ra_state *ra,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long max)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned long cur = ra->readahead_index - ra->ra_index;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long newsize;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (cur < max / 16)
|
|
|
|
newsize = cur * 4;
|
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
|
newsize = cur * 2;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return min(newsize, max);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* On-demand readahead design.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* The fields in struct file_ra_state represent the most-recently-executed
|
|
|
|
* readahead attempt:
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* |-------- last readahead window -------->|
|
|
|
|
* |-- application walking here -->|
|
|
|
|
* ======#============|==================#=====================|
|
|
|
|
* ^la_index ^ra_index ^lookahead_index ^readahead_index
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* [ra_index, readahead_index) represents the last readahead window.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* [la_index, lookahead_index] is where the application would be walking(in
|
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|
|
* the common case of cache-cold sequential reads): the last window was
|
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|
|
* established when the application was at la_index, and the next window will
|
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|
|
* be bring in when the application reaches lookahead_index.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* To overlap application thinking time and disk I/O time, we do
|
|
|
|
* `readahead pipelining': Do not wait until the application consumed all
|
|
|
|
* readahead pages and stalled on the missing page at readahead_index;
|
|
|
|
* Instead, submit an asynchronous readahead I/O as early as the application
|
|
|
|
* reads on the page at lookahead_index. Normally lookahead_index will be
|
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|
|
* equal to ra_index, for maximum pipelining.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* In interleaved sequential reads, concurrent streams on the same fd can
|
|
|
|
* be invalidating each other's readahead state. So we flag the new readahead
|
|
|
|
* page at lookahead_index with PG_readahead, and use it as readahead
|
|
|
|
* indicator. The flag won't be set on already cached pages, to avoid the
|
|
|
|
* readahead-for-nothing fuss, saving pointless page cache lookups.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* prev_index tracks the last visited page in the _previous_ read request.
|
|
|
|
* It should be maintained by the caller, and will be used for detecting
|
|
|
|
* small random reads. Note that the readahead algorithm checks loosely
|
|
|
|
* for sequential patterns. Hence interleaved reads might be served as
|
|
|
|
* sequential ones.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* There is a special-case: if the first page which the application tries to
|
|
|
|
* read happens to be the first page of the file, it is assumed that a linear
|
|
|
|
* read is about to happen and the window is immediately set to the initial size
|
|
|
|
* based on I/O request size and the max_readahead.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* The code ramps up the readahead size aggressively at first, but slow down as
|
|
|
|
* it approaches max_readhead.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* A minimal readahead algorithm for trivial sequential/random reads.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static unsigned long
|
|
|
|
ondemand_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
|
|
|
|
struct file_ra_state *ra, struct file *filp,
|
|
|
|
struct page *page, pgoff_t offset,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long req_size)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
unsigned long max; /* max readahead pages */
|
|
|
|
pgoff_t ra_index; /* readahead index */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long ra_size; /* readahead size */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long la_size; /* lookahead size */
|
|
|
|
int sequential;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
max = ra->ra_pages;
|
|
|
|
sequential = (offset - ra->prev_index <= 1UL) || (req_size > max);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Lookahead/readahead hit, assume sequential access.
|
|
|
|
* Ramp up sizes, and push forward the readahead window.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (offset && (offset == ra->lookahead_index ||
|
|
|
|
offset == ra->readahead_index)) {
|
|
|
|
ra_index = ra->readahead_index;
|
|
|
|
ra_size = get_next_ra_size2(ra, max);
|
|
|
|
la_size = ra_size;
|
|
|
|
goto fill_ra;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Standalone, small read.
|
|
|
|
* Read as is, and do not pollute the readahead state.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (!page && !sequential) {
|
|
|
|
return __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp,
|
|
|
|
offset, req_size, 0);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* It may be one of
|
|
|
|
* - first read on start of file
|
|
|
|
* - sequential cache miss
|
|
|
|
* - oversize random read
|
|
|
|
* Start readahead for it.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
ra_index = offset;
|
|
|
|
ra_size = get_init_ra_size(req_size, max);
|
|
|
|
la_size = ra_size > req_size ? ra_size - req_size : ra_size;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Hit on a lookahead page without valid readahead state.
|
|
|
|
* E.g. interleaved reads.
|
|
|
|
* Not knowing its readahead pos/size, bet on the minimal possible one.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (page) {
|
|
|
|
ra_index++;
|
|
|
|
ra_size = min(4 * ra_size, max);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fill_ra:
|
|
|
|
ra_set_index(ra, offset, ra_index);
|
|
|
|
ra_set_size(ra, ra_size, la_size);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return ra_submit(ra, mapping, filp);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
|
|
* page_cache_readahead_ondemand - generic file readahead
|
|
|
|
* @mapping: address_space which holds the pagecache and I/O vectors
|
|
|
|
* @ra: file_ra_state which holds the readahead state
|
|
|
|
* @filp: passed on to ->readpage() and ->readpages()
|
|
|
|
* @page: the page at @offset, or NULL if non-present
|
|
|
|
* @offset: start offset into @mapping, in PAGE_CACHE_SIZE units
|
|
|
|
* @req_size: hint: total size of the read which the caller is performing in
|
|
|
|
* PAGE_CACHE_SIZE units
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* page_cache_readahead_ondemand() is the entry point of readahead logic.
|
|
|
|
* This function should be called when it is time to perform readahead:
|
|
|
|
* 1) @page == NULL
|
|
|
|
* A cache miss happened, time for synchronous readahead.
|
|
|
|
* 2) @page != NULL && PageReadahead(@page)
|
|
|
|
* A look-ahead hit occured, time for asynchronous readahead.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
unsigned long
|
|
|
|
page_cache_readahead_ondemand(struct address_space *mapping,
|
|
|
|
struct file_ra_state *ra, struct file *filp,
|
|
|
|
struct page *page, pgoff_t offset,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long req_size)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
/* no read-ahead */
|
|
|
|
if (!ra->ra_pages)
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (page) {
|
|
|
|
ClearPageReadahead(page);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Defer asynchronous read-ahead on IO congestion.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (bdi_read_congested(mapping->backing_dev_info))
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* do read-ahead */
|
|
|
|
return ondemand_readahead(mapping, ra, filp, page,
|
|
|
|
offset, req_size);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_readahead_ondemand);
|