commit 6376360ecbe525a9c17b3d081dfd88ba3e4ed65b upstream.
Currently memory_failure() is racy against process's exiting, which
results in kernel crash by null pointer dereference.
The root cause is that memory_failure() uses force_sig() to forcibly
kill asynchronous (meaning not in the current context) processes. As
discussed in thread https://lkml.org/lkml/2010/6/8/236 years ago for OOM
fixes, this is not a right thing to do. OOM solves this issue by using
do_send_sig_info() as done in commit d2d393099d ("signal:
oom_kill_task: use SEND_SIG_FORCED instead of force_sig()"), so this
patch is suggesting to do the same for hwpoison. do_send_sig_info()
properly accesses to siglock with lock_task_sighand(), so is free from
the reported race.
I confirmed that the reported bug reproduces with inserting some delay
in kill_procs(), and it never reproduces with this patch.
Note that memory_failure() can send another type of signal using
force_sig_mceerr(), and the reported race shouldn't happen on it because
force_sig_mceerr() is called only for synchronous processes (i.e.
BUS_MCEERR_AR happens only when some process accesses to the corrupted
memory.)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190116093046.GA29835@hori1.linux.bs1.fc.nec.co.jp
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reported-by: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit d96b339f453997f2f08c52da3f41423be48c978f upstream.
I saw the following BUG_ON triggered in a testcase where a process calls
madvise(MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE) on thps, along with a background process that
calls migratepages command repeatedly (doing ping-pong among different
NUMA nodes) for the first process:
Soft offlining page 0x60000 at 0x700000600000
__get_any_page: 0x60000 free buddy page
page:ffffea0001800000 count:0 mapcount:-127 mapping: (null) index:0x1
flags: 0x1fffc0000000000()
page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(atomic_read(&page->_count) == 0)
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at /src/linux-dev/include/linux/mm.h:342!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
Modules linked in: cfg80211 rfkill crc32c_intel serio_raw virtio_balloon i2c_piix4 virtio_blk virtio_net ata_generic pata_acpi
CPU: 3 PID: 3035 Comm: test_alloc_gene Tainted: G O 4.4.0-rc8-v4.4-rc8-160107-1501-00000-rc8+ #74
Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
task: ffff88007c63d5c0 ti: ffff88007c210000 task.ti: ffff88007c210000
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8118998c>] [<ffffffff8118998c>] put_page+0x5c/0x60
RSP: 0018:ffff88007c213e00 EFLAGS: 00010246
Call Trace:
put_hwpoison_page+0x4e/0x80
soft_offline_page+0x501/0x520
SyS_madvise+0x6bc/0x6f0
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x6a
Code: 8b fc ff ff 5b 5d c3 48 89 df e8 b0 fa ff ff 48 89 df 31 f6 e8 c6 7d ff ff 5b 5d c3 48 c7 c6 08 54 a2 81 48 89 df e8 a4 c5 01 00 <0f> 0b 66 90 66 66 66 66 90 55 48 89 e5 41 55 41 54 53 48 8b 47
RIP [<ffffffff8118998c>] put_page+0x5c/0x60
RSP <ffff88007c213e00>
The root cause resides in get_any_page() which retries to get a refcount
of the page to be soft-offlined. This function calls
put_hwpoison_page(), expecting that the target page is putback to LRU
list. But it can be also freed to buddy. So the second check need to
care about such case.
Fixes: af8fae7c08 ("mm/memory-failure.c: clean up soft_offline_page()")
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge upstream tag 'v3.10.84' into LA.BR.1.3.3
This merge brings us up-to-date as of upstream tag v3.10.84
* tag 'v3.10.84' (317 commits):
Linux 3.10.84
fs: Fix S_NOSEC handling
KVM: x86: make vapics_in_nmi_mode atomic
MIPS: Fix KVM guest fixmap address
x86/PCI: Use host bridge _CRS info on Foxconn K8M890-8237A
powerpc/perf: Fix book3s kernel to userspace backtraces
arm: KVM: force execution of HCPTR access on VM exit
Revert "crypto: talitos - convert to use be16_add_cpu()"
crypto: talitos - avoid memleak in talitos_alg_alloc()
sctp: Fix race between OOTB responce and route removal
packet: avoid out of bounds read in round robin fanout
packet: read num_members once in packet_rcv_fanout()
bridge: fix br_stp_set_bridge_priority race conditions
bridge: fix multicast router rlist endless loop
sparc: Use GFP_ATOMIC in ldc_alloc_exp_dring() as it can be called in softirq context
Linux 3.10.83
bus: mvebu: pass the coherency availability information at init time
KVM: nSVM: Check for NRIPS support before updating control field
ARM: clk-imx6q: refine sata's parent
d_walk() might skip too much
ipv6: update ip6_rt_last_gc every time GC is run
ipv6: prevent fib6_run_gc() contention
xfrm: Increase the garbage collector threshold
Btrfs: make xattr replace operations atomic
x86/microcode/intel: Guard against stack overflow in the loader
fs: take i_mutex during prepare_binprm for set[ug]id executables
hpsa: add missing pci_set_master in kdump path
hpsa: refine the pci enable/disable handling
sb_edac: Fix erroneous bytes->gigabytes conversion
ACPICA: Utilities: Cleanup to remove useless ACPI_PRINTF/FORMAT_xxx helpers.
ACPICA: Utilities: Cleanup to convert physical address printing formats.
__ptrace_may_access() should not deny sub-threads
include/linux/sched.h: don't use task->pid/tgid in same_thread_group/has_group_leader_pid
netfilter: Zero the tuple in nfnl_cthelper_parse_tuple()
netfilter: nfnetlink_cthelper: Remove 'const' and '&' to avoid warnings
config: Enable NEED_DMA_MAP_STATE by default when SWIOTLB is selected
get rid of s_files and files_lock
fput: turn "list_head delayed_fput_list" into llist_head
Linux 3.10.82
lpfc: Add iotag memory barrier
pipe: iovec: Fix memory corruption when retrying atomic copy as non-atomic
drm/mgag200: Reject non-character-cell-aligned mode widths
tracing: Have filter check for balanced ops
crypto: caam - fix RNG buffer cache alignment
Linux 3.10.81
btrfs: cleanup orphans while looking up default subvolume
btrfs: incorrect handling for fiemap_fill_next_extent return
cfg80211: wext: clear sinfo struct before calling driver
mm/memory_hotplug.c: set zone->wait_table to null after freeing it
drm/i915: Fix DDC probe for passive adapters
pata_octeon_cf: fix broken build
ozwpan: unchecked signed subtraction leads to DoS
ozwpan: divide-by-zero leading to panic
ozwpan: Use proper check to prevent heap overflow
MIPS: Fix enabling of DEBUG_STACKOVERFLOW
ring-buffer-benchmark: Fix the wrong sched_priority of producer
USB: serial: ftdi_sio: Add support for a Motion Tracker Development Board
USB: cp210x: add ID for HubZ dual ZigBee and Z-Wave dongle
block: fix ext_dev_lock lockdep report
Input: elantech - fix detection of touchpads where the revision matches a known rate
ALSA: usb-audio: add MAYA44 USB+ mixer control names
ALSA: usb-audio: Add mic volume fix quirk for Logitech Quickcam Fusion
ALSA: hda/realtek - Add a fixup for another Acer Aspire 9420
iio: adis16400: Compute the scan mask from channel indices
iio: adis16400: Use != channel indices for the two voltage channels
iio: adis16400: Report pressure channel scale
xen: netback: read hotplug script once at start of day.
udp: fix behavior of wrong checksums
net_sched: invoke ->attach() after setting dev->qdisc
unix/caif: sk_socket can disappear when state is unlocked
net: dp83640: fix broken calibration routine.
bridge: fix parsing of MLDv2 reports
ipv4: Avoid crashing in ip_error
net: phy: Allow EEE for all RGMII variants
Linux 3.10.80
fs/binfmt_elf.c:load_elf_binary(): return -EINVAL on zero-length mappings
vfs: read file_handle only once in handle_to_path
ACPI / init: Fix the ordering of acpi_reserve_resources()
Input: elantech - fix semi-mt protocol for v3 HW
rtlwifi: rtl8192cu: Fix kernel deadlock
md/raid5: don't record new size if resize_stripes fails.
svcrpc: fix potential GSSX_ACCEPT_SEC_CONTEXT decoding failures
ARM: fix missing syscall trace exit
ARM: dts: imx27: only map 4 Kbyte for fec registers
crypto: s390/ghash - Fix incorrect ghash icv buffer handling.
rt2x00: add new rt2800usb device DWA 130
libata: Ignore spurious PHY event on LPM policy change
libata: Add helper to determine when PHY events should be ignored
ext4: check for zero length extent explicitly
ext4: convert write_begin methods to stable_page_writes semantics
mmc: atmel-mci: fix bad variable type for clkdiv
powerpc: Align TOC to 256 bytes
usb: gadget: configfs: Fix interfaces array NULL-termination
usb-storage: Add NO_WP_DETECT quirk for Lacie 059f:0651 devices
USB: cp210x: add ID for KCF Technologies PRN device
USB: pl2303: Remove support for Samsung I330
USB: visor: Match I330 phone more precisely
xhci: gracefully handle xhci_irq dead device
xhci: Solve full event ring by increasing TRBS_PER_SEGMENT to 256
xhci: fix isoc endpoint dequeue from advancing too far on transaction error
target/pscsi: Don't leak scsi_host if hba is VIRTUAL_HOST
ASoC: wm8994: correct BCLK DIV 348 to 384
ASoC: wm8960: fix "RINPUT3" audio route error
ASoC: mc13783: Fix wrong mask value used in mc13xxx_reg_rmw() calls
ALSA: hda - Add headphone quirk for Lifebook E752
ALSA: hda - Add Conexant codecs CX20721, CX20722, CX20723 and CX20724
d_walk() might skip too much
lib: Fix strnlen_user() to not touch memory after specified maximum
hwmon: (ntc_thermistor) Ensure iio channel is of type IIO_VOLTAGE
libceph: request a new osdmap if lingering request maps to no osd
lguest: fix out-by-one error in address checking.
fs, omfs: add NULL terminator in the end up the token list
KVM: MMU: fix CR4.SMEP=1, CR0.WP=0 with shadow pages
net: socket: Fix the wrong returns for recvmsg and sendmsg
kernel: use the gnu89 standard explicitly
staging, rtl8192e, LLVMLinux: Remove unused inline prototype
staging: rtl8712, rtl8712: avoid lots of build warnings
staging, rtl8192e, LLVMLinux: Change extern inline to static inline
drm/i915: Fix declaration of intel_gmbus_{is_forced_bit/is_port_falid}
staging: wlags49_h2: fix extern inline functions
Linux 3.10.79
ACPICA: Utilities: Cleanup to enforce ACPI_PHYSADDR_TO_PTR()/ACPI_PTR_TO_PHYSADDR().
ACPICA: Tables: Change acpi_find_root_pointer() to use acpi_physical_address.
revert "softirq: Add support for triggering softirq work on softirqs"
sound/oss: fix deadlock in sequencer_ioctl(SNDCTL_SEQ_OUTOFBAND)
mmc: card: Don't access RPMB partitions for normal read/write
pinctrl: Don't just pretend to protect pinctrl_maps, do it for real
drm/i915: Add missing MacBook Pro models with dual channel LVDS
ARM: mvebu: armada-xp-openblocks-ax3-4: Disable internal RTC
ARM: dts: imx23-olinuxino: Fix dr_mode of usb0
ARM: dts: imx28: Fix AUART4 TX-DMA interrupt name
ARM: dts: imx25: Add #pwm-cells to pwm4
gpio: sysfs: fix memory leaks and device hotplug
gpio: unregister gpiochip device before removing it
xen/console: Update console event channel on resume
mm/memory-failure: call shake_page() when error hits thp tail page
nilfs2: fix sanity check of btree level in nilfs_btree_root_broken()
ocfs2: dlm: fix race between purge and get lock resource
Linux 3.10.78
ARC: signal handling robustify
UBI: fix soft lockup in ubi_check_volume()
Drivers: hv: vmbus: Don't wait after requesting offers
ARM: dts: dove: Fix uart[23] reg property
staging: panel: fix lcd type
usb: gadget: printer: enqueue printer's response for setup request
usb: host: oxu210hp: use new USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT
3w-sas: fix command completion race
3w-9xxx: fix command completion race
3w-xxxx: fix command completion race
ext4: fix data corruption caused by unwritten and delayed extents
rbd: end I/O the entire obj_request on error
serial: of-serial: Remove device_type = "serial" registration
ALSA: hda - Fix mute-LED fixed mode
ALSA: emu10k1: Emu10k2 32 bit DMA mode
ALSA: emu10k1: Fix card shortname string buffer overflow
ALSA: emux: Fix mutex deadlock in OSS emulation
ALSA: emux: Fix mutex deadlock at unloading
ipv4: Missing sk_nulls_node_init() in ping_unhash().
Linux 3.10.77
s390: Fix build error
nosave: consolidate __nosave_{begin,end} in <asm/sections.h>
memstick: mspro_block: add missing curly braces
C6x: time: Ensure consistency in __init
wl18xx: show rx_frames_per_rates as an array as it really is
lib: memzero_explicit: use barrier instead of OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR
e1000: add dummy allocator to fix race condition between mtu change and netpoll
ksoftirqd: Enable IRQs and call cond_resched() before poking RCU
RCU pathwalk breakage when running into a symlink overmounting something
drm/i915: cope with large i2c transfers
drm/radeon: fix doublescan modes (v2)
i2c: core: Export bus recovery functions
IB/mlx4: Fix WQE LSO segment calculation
IB/core: don't disallow registering region starting at 0x0
IB/core: disallow registering 0-sized memory region
stk1160: Make sure current buffer is released
mvsas: fix panic on expander attached SATA devices
Drivers: hv: vmbus: Fix a bug in the error path in vmbus_open()
xtensa: provide __NR_sync_file_range2 instead of __NR_sync_file_range
xtensa: xtfpga: fix hardware lockup caused by LCD driver
ACPICA: Utilities: split IO address types from data type models.
drivers: parport: Kconfig: exclude arm64 for PARPORT_PC
scsi: storvsc: Fix a bug in copy_from_bounce_buffer()
UBI: fix check for "too many bytes"
UBI: initialize LEB number variable
UBI: fix out of bounds write
UBI: account for bitflips in both the VID header and data
tools/power turbostat: Use $(CURDIR) instead of $(PWD) and add support for O= option in Makefile
powerpc/perf: Cap 64bit userspace backtraces to PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH
ext4: make fsync to sync parent dir in no-journal for real this time
arm64: kernel: compiling issue, need delete read_current_timer()
video: vgacon: Don't build on arm64
console: Disable VGA text console support on cris
drivers: parport: Kconfig: exclude h8300 for PARPORT_PC
parport: disable PC-style parallel port support on cris
rtlwifi: rtl8192cu: Add new device ID
rtlwifi: rtl8192cu: Add new USB ID
ptrace: fix race between ptrace_resume() and wait_task_stopped()
fs/binfmt_elf.c: fix bug in loading of PIE binaries
Input: elantech - fix absolute mode setting on some ASUS laptops
ALSA: emu10k1: don't deadlock in proc-functions
usb: core: hub: use new USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT
usb: host: sl811: use new USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT
usb: host: xhci: use new USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT
usb: host: isp116x: use new USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT
usb: host: r8a66597: use new USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT
usb: define a generic USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT macro
usb: phy: Find the right match in devm_usb_phy_match
ARM: S3C64XX: Use fixed IRQ bases to avoid conflicts on Cragganmore
ARM: 8320/1: fix integer overflow in ELF_ET_DYN_BASE
power_supply: lp8788-charger: Fix leaked power supply on probe fail
ring-buffer: Replace this_cpu_*() with __this_cpu_*()
spi: spidev: fix possible arithmetic overflow for multi-transfer message
cdc-wdm: fix endianness bug in debug statements
MIPS: Hibernate: flush TLB entries earlier
KVM: use slowpath for cross page cached accesses
s390/hibernate: fix save and restore of kernel text section
KVM: s390: Zero out current VMDB of STSI before including level3 data.
usb: gadget: composite: enable BESL support
Btrfs: fix inode eviction infinite loop after cloning into it
Btrfs: fix log tree corruption when fs mounted with -o discard
tcp: avoid looping in tcp_send_fin()
tcp: fix possible deadlock in tcp_send_fin()
ip_forward: Drop frames with attached skb->sk
Linux 3.10.76
dcache: Fix locking bugs in backported "deal with deadlock in d_walk()"
arc: mm: Fix build failure
sb_edac: avoid INTERNAL ERROR message in EDAC with unspecified channel
x86: mm: move mmap_sem unlock from mm_fault_error() to caller
vm: make stack guard page errors return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV rather than SIGBUS
vm: add VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV handling support
deal with deadlock in d_walk()
move d_rcu from overlapping d_child to overlapping d_alias
kconfig: Fix warning "‘jump’ may be used uninitialized"
KVM: x86: SYSENTER emulation is broken
netfilter: conntrack: disable generic tracking for known protocols
Bluetooth: Ignore isochronous endpoints for Intel USB bootloader
Bluetooth: Add support for Intel bootloader devices
Bluetooth: btusb: Add IMC Networks (Broadcom based)
Bluetooth: Add firmware update for Atheros 0cf3:311f
Bluetooth: Enable Atheros 0cf3:311e for firmware upload
mm: Fix NULL pointer dereference in madvise(MADV_WILLNEED) support
splice: Apply generic position and size checks to each write
jfs: fix readdir regression
serial: 8250_dw: Fix deadlock in LCR workaround
benet: Call dev_kfree_skby_any instead of kfree_skb.
ixgb: Call dev_kfree_skby_any instead of dev_kfree_skb.
tg3: Call dev_kfree_skby_any instead of dev_kfree_skb.
bnx2: Call dev_kfree_skby_any instead of dev_kfree_skb.
r8169: Call dev_kfree_skby_any instead of dev_kfree_skb.
8139too: Call dev_kfree_skby_any instead of dev_kfree_skb.
8139cp: Call dev_kfree_skby_any instead of kfree_skb.
tcp: tcp_make_synack() should clear skb->tstamp
tcp: fix FRTO undo on cumulative ACK of SACKed range
ipv6: Don't reduce hop limit for an interface
tcp: prevent fetching dst twice in early demux code
remove extra definitions of U32_MAX
conditionally define U32_MAX
Linux 3.10.75
pagemap: do not leak physical addresses to non-privileged userspace
console: Fix console name size mismatch
IB/mlx4: Saturate RoCE port PMA counters in case of overflow
kernel.h: define u8, s8, u32, etc. limits
net: llc: use correct size for sysctl timeout entries
net: rds: use correct size for max unacked packets and bytes
ipc: fix compat msgrcv with negative msgtyp
core, nfqueue, openvswitch: fix compilation warning
media: s5p-mfc: fix mmap support for 64bit arch
iscsi target: fix oops when adding reject pdu
ocfs2: _really_ sync the right range
be2iscsi: Fix kernel panic when device initialization fails
cifs: fix use-after-free bug in find_writable_file
usb: xhci: apply XHCI_AVOID_BEI quirk to all Intel xHCI controllers
cpuidle: ACPI: do not overwrite name and description of C0
dmaengine: omap-dma: Fix memory leak when terminating running transfer
iio: imu: Use iio_trigger_get for indio_dev->trig assignment
iio: inv_mpu6050: Clear timestamps fifo while resetting hardware fifo
Defer processing of REQ_PREEMPT requests for blocked devices
USB: ftdi_sio: Use jtag quirk for SNAP Connect E10
USB: ftdi_sio: Added custom PID for Synapse Wireless product
radeon: Do not directly dereference pointers to BIOS area.
writeback: fix possible underflow in write bandwidth calculation
writeback: add missing INITIAL_JIFFIES init in global_update_bandwidth()
mm/memory hotplug: postpone the reset of obsolete pgdat
nbd: fix possible memory leak
iwlwifi: dvm: run INIT firmware again upon .start()
IB/uverbs: Prevent integer overflow in ib_umem_get address arithmetic
IB/core: Avoid leakage from kernel to user space
tcp: Fix crash in TCP Fast Open
selinux: fix sel_write_enforce broken return value
ALSA: hda - Fix headphone pin config for Lifebook T731
ALSA: usb - Creative USB X-Fi Pro SB1095 volume knob support
ALSA: hda - Add one more node in the EAPD supporting candidate list
Linux 3.10.74
net: ethernet: pcnet32: Setup the SRAM and NOUFLO on Am79C97{3, 5}
powerpc/mpc85xx: Add ranges to etsec2 nodes
hfsplus: fix B-tree corruption after insertion at position 0
dm: hold suspend_lock while suspending device during device deletion
vt6655: RFbSetPower fix missing rate RATE_12M
perf: Fix irq_work 'tail' recursion
Revert "iwlwifi: mvm: fix failure path when power_update fails in add_interface"
mac80211: drop unencrypted frames in mesh fwding
mac80211: disable u-APSD queues by default
nl80211: ignore HT/VHT capabilities without QoS/WMM
tcm_qla2xxx: Fix incorrect use of __transport_register_session
tcm_fc: missing curly braces in ft_invl_hw_context()
ASoC: wm8955: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: adav80x: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: ak4641: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: wm8904: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: wm8903: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: wm2000: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: wm8731: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: tas5086: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: wm8960: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: cs4271: Fix wrong value references for boolean kctl
ASoC: sgtl5000: remove useless register write clearing CHRGPUMP_POWERUP
Change-Id: Ib7976ee2c7224e39074157e28db4158db40b00db
Signed-off-by: Kaushal Kumar <kaushalk@codeaurora.org>
commit 4f32be677b124a49459e2603321c7a5605ceb9f8 upstream.
After trying to drain pages from pagevec/pageset, we try to get reference
count of the page again, however, the reference count of the page is not
reduced if the page is still not on LRU list.
Fix it by adding the put_page() to drop the page reference which is from
__get_any_page().
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 09789e5de18e4e442870b2d700831f5cb802eb05 upstream.
Currently memory_failure() calls shake_page() to sweep pages out from
pcplists only when the victim page is 4kB LRU page or thp head page.
But we should do this for a thp tail page too.
Consider that a memory error hits a thp tail page whose head page is on
a pcplist when memory_failure() runs. Then, the current kernel skips
shake_pages() part, so hwpoison_user_mappings() returns without calling
split_huge_page() nor try_to_unmap() because PageLRU of the thp head is
still cleared due to the skip of shake_page().
As a result, me_huge_page() runs for the thp, which is broken behavior.
One effect is a leak of the thp. And another is to fail to isolate the
memory error, so later access to the error address causes another MCE,
which kills the processes which used the thp.
This patch fixes this problem by calling shake_page() for thp tail case.
Fixes: 385de35722 ("thp: allow a hwpoisoned head page to be put back to LRU")
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Dean Nelson <dnelson@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jin Dongming <jin.dongming@np.css.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Some pages could be shared by several processes. (ex, libc)
In case of that, it's too bad to reclaim them from the beginnig.
This patch causes VM to keep them on memory until last task
try to reclaim them so shared pages will be reclaimed only if
all of task has gone swapping out.
This feature doesn't handle non-linear mapping on ramfs because
it's very time-consuming and doesn't make sure of reclaiming and
not common.
Change-Id: I7e5f34f2e947f5db6d405867fe2ad34863ca40f7
Signed-off-by: Sangseok Lee <sangseok.lee@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Patch-mainline: linux-mm @ 9 May 2013 16:21:27
[vinmenon@codeaurora.org: trivial merge conflict fixes]
Signed-off-by: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
commit 74614de17db6fb472370c426d4f934d8d616edf2 upstream.
When Linux sees an "action optional" machine check (where h/w has reported
an error that is not in the current execution path) we generally do not
want to signal a process, since most processes do not have a SIGBUS
handler - we'd just prematurely terminate the process for a problem that
they might never actually see.
task_early_kill() decides whether to consider a process - and it checks
whether this specific process has been marked for early signals with
"prctl", or if the system administrator has requested early signals for
all processes using /proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_early_kill.
But for MF_ACTION_REQUIRED case we must not defer. The error is in the
execution path of the current thread so we must send the SIGBUS
immediatley.
Fix by passing a flag argument through collect_procs*() to
task_early_kill() so it knows whether we can defer or must take action.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.jf.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a70ffcac741d31a406c1d2b832ae43d658e7e1cf upstream.
When a thread in a multi-threaded application hits a machine check because
of an uncorrectable error in memory - we want to send the SIGBUS with
si.si_code = BUS_MCEERR_AR to that thread. Currently we fail to do that
if the active thread is not the primary thread in the process.
collect_procs() just finds primary threads and this test:
if ((flags & MF_ACTION_REQUIRED) && t == current) {
will see that the thread we found isn't the current thread and so send a
si.si_code = BUS_MCEERR_AO to the primary (and nothing to the active
thread at this time).
We can fix this by checking whether "current" shares the same mm with the
process that collect_procs() said owned the page. If so, we send the
SIGBUS to current (with code BUS_MCEERR_AR).
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reported-by: Otto Bruggeman <otto.g.bruggeman@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.jf.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 3e030ecc0fc7de10fd0da10c1c19939872a31717 upstream.
When a memory error happens on an in-use page or (free and in-use)
hugepage, the victim page is isolated with its refcount set to one.
When you try to unpoison it later, unpoison_memory() calls put_page()
for it twice in order to bring the page back to free page pool (buddy or
free hugepage list). However, if another memory error occurs on the
page which we are unpoisoning, memory_failure() returns without
releasing the refcount which was incremented in the same call at first,
which results in memory leak and unconsistent num_poisoned_pages
statistics. This patch fixes it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit b985194c8c0a130ed155b71662e39f7eaea4876f upstream.
For handling a free hugepage in memory failure, the race will happen if
another thread hwpoisoned this hugepage concurrently. So we need to
check PageHWPoison instead of !PageHWPoison.
If hwpoison_filter(p) returns true or a race happens, then we need to
unlock_page(hpage).
Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Tested-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 668f9abbd4334e6c29fa8acd71635c4f9101caa7 upstream.
Commit bf6bddf192 ("mm: introduce compaction and migration for
ballooned pages") introduces page_count(page) into memory compaction
which dereferences page->first_page if PageTail(page).
This results in a very rare NULL pointer dereference on the
aforementioned page_count(page). Indeed, anything that does
compound_head(), including page_count() is susceptible to racing with
prep_compound_page() and seeing a NULL or dangling page->first_page
pointer.
This patch uses Andrea's implementation of compound_trans_head() that
deals with such a race and makes it the default compound_head()
implementation. This includes a read memory barrier that ensures that
if PageTail(head) is true that we return a head page that is neither
NULL nor dangling. The patch then adds a store memory barrier to
prep_compound_page() to ensure page->first_page is set.
This is the safest way to ensure we see the head page that we are
expecting, PageTail(page) is already in the unlikely() path and the
memory barriers are unfortunately required.
Hugetlbfs is the exception, we don't enforce a store memory barrier
during init since no race is possible.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Holger Kiehl <Holger.Kiehl@dwd.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 8d547ff4ac5927245e0833ac18528f939da0ee0e upstream.
mce-test detected a test failure when injecting error to a thp tail
page. This is because we take page refcount of the tail page in
madvise_hwpoison() while the fix in commit a3e0f9e47d5e
("mm/memory-failure.c: transfer page count from head page to tail page
after split thp") assumes that we always take refcount on the head page.
When a real memory error happens we take refcount on the head page where
memory_failure() is called without MF_COUNT_INCREASED set, so it seems
to me that testing memory error on thp tail page using madvise makes
little sense.
This patch cancels moving refcount in !MF_COUNT_INCREASED for valid
testing.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/&&/&/]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit f15bdfa802bfa5eb6b4b5a241b97ec9fa1204a35 upstream.
After a successful page migration by soft offlining, the source page is
not properly freed and it's never reusable even if we unpoison it
afterward.
This is caused by the race between freeing page and setting PG_hwpoison.
In successful soft offlining, the source page is put (and the refcount
becomes 0) by putback_lru_page() in unmap_and_move(), where it's linked
to pagevec and actual freeing back to buddy is delayed. So if
PG_hwpoison is set for the page before freeing, the freeing does not
functions as expected (in such case freeing aborts in
free_pages_prepare() check.)
This patch tries to make sure to free the source page before setting
PG_hwpoison on it. To avoid reallocating, the page keeps
MIGRATE_ISOLATE until after setting PG_hwpoison.
This patch also removes obsolete comments about "keeping elevated
refcount" because what they say is not true. Unlike memory_failure(),
soft_offline_page() uses no special page isolation code, and the
soft-offlined pages have no elevated.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 54b9dd14d09f24927285359a227aa363ce46089e upstream.
After thp split in hwpoison_user_mappings(), we hold page lock on the
raw error page only between try_to_unmap, hence we are in danger of race
condition.
I found in the RHEL7 MCE-relay testing that we have "bad page" error
when a memory error happens on a thp tail page used by qemu-kvm:
Triggering MCE exception on CPU 10
mce: [Hardware Error]: Machine check events logged
MCE exception done on CPU 10
MCE 0x38c535: Killing qemu-kvm:8418 due to hardware memory corruption
MCE 0x38c535: dirty LRU page recovery: Recovered
qemu-kvm[8418]: segfault at 20 ip 00007ffb0f0f229a sp 00007fffd6bc5240 error 4 in qemu-kvm[7ffb0ef14000+420000]
BUG: Bad page state in process qemu-kvm pfn:38c400
page:ffffea000e310000 count:0 mapcount:0 mapping: (null) index:0x7ffae3c00
page flags: 0x2fffff0008001d(locked|referenced|uptodate|dirty|swapbacked)
Modules linked in: hwpoison_inject mce_inject vhost_net macvtap macvlan ...
CPU: 0 PID: 8418 Comm: qemu-kvm Tainted: G M -------------- 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.mce_test_fixed.x86_64 #1
Hardware name: NEC NEC Express5800/R120b-1 [N8100-1719F]/MS-91E7-001, BIOS 4.6.3C19 02/10/2011
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x19/0x1b
bad_page.part.59+0xcf/0xe8
free_pages_prepare+0x148/0x160
free_hot_cold_page+0x31/0x140
free_hot_cold_page_list+0x46/0xa0
release_pages+0x1c1/0x200
free_pages_and_swap_cache+0xad/0xd0
tlb_flush_mmu.part.46+0x4c/0x90
tlb_finish_mmu+0x55/0x60
exit_mmap+0xcb/0x170
mmput+0x67/0xf0
vhost_dev_cleanup+0x231/0x260 [vhost_net]
vhost_net_release+0x3f/0x90 [vhost_net]
__fput+0xe9/0x270
____fput+0xe/0x10
task_work_run+0xc4/0xe0
do_exit+0x2bb/0xa40
do_group_exit+0x3f/0xa0
get_signal_to_deliver+0x1d0/0x6e0
do_signal+0x48/0x5e0
do_notify_resume+0x71/0xc0
retint_signal+0x48/0x8c
The reason of this bug is that a page fault happens before unlocking the
head page at the end of memory_failure(). This strange page fault is
trying to access to address 0x20 and I'm not sure why qemu-kvm does
this, but anyway as a result the SIGSEGV makes qemu-kvm exit and on the
way we catch the bad page bug/warning because we try to free a locked
page (which was the former head page.)
To fix this, this patch suggests to shift page lock from head page to
tail page just after thp split. SIGSEGV still happens, but it affects
only error affected VMs, not a whole system.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a49ecbcd7b0d5a1cda7d60e03df402dd0ef76ac8 upstream.
After a successful hugetlb page migration by soft offline, the source
page will either be freed into hugepage_freelists or buddy(over-commit
page). If page is in buddy, page_hstate(page) will be NULL. It will
hit a NULL pointer dereference in dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page().
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000058
IP: [<ffffffff81163761>] dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page+0x131/0x1d0
PGD c23762067 PUD c24be2067 PMD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
So check PageHuge(page) after call migrate_pages() successfully.
[wujg: backport to 3.10:
- adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a3e0f9e47d5ef7858a26cc12d90ad5146e802d47 upstream.
Memory failures on thp tail pages cause kernel panic like below:
mce: [Hardware Error]: Machine check events logged
MCE exception done on CPU 7
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000058
IP: [<ffffffff811b7cd1>] dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page+0x131/0x1e0
PGD bae42067 PUD ba47d067 PMD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
...
CPU: 7 PID: 128 Comm: kworker/7:2 Tainted: G M O 3.13.0-rc4-131217-1558-00003-g83b7df08e462 #25
...
Call Trace:
me_huge_page+0x3e/0x50
memory_failure+0x4bb/0xc20
mce_process_work+0x3e/0x70
process_one_work+0x171/0x420
worker_thread+0x11b/0x3a0
? manage_workers.isra.25+0x2b0/0x2b0
kthread+0xe4/0x100
? kthread_create_on_node+0x190/0x190
ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
? kthread_create_on_node+0x190/0x190
...
RIP dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page+0x131/0x1e0
CR2: 0000000000000058
The reasoning of this problem is shown below:
- when we have a memory error on a thp tail page, the memory error
handler grabs a refcount of the head page to keep the thp under us.
- Before unmapping the error page from processes, we split the thp,
where page refcounts of both of head/tail pages don't change.
- Then we call try_to_unmap() over the error page (which was a tail
page before). We didn't pin the error page to handle the memory error,
this error page is freed and removed from LRU list.
- We never have the error page on LRU list, so the first page state
check returns "unknown page," then we move to the second check
with the saved page flag.
- The saved page flag have PG_tail set, so the second page state check
returns "hugepage."
- We call me_huge_page() for freed error page, then we hit the above panic.
The root cause is that we didn't move refcount from the head page to the
tail page after split thp. So this patch suggests to do this.
This panic was introduced by commit 524fca1e73 ("HWPOISON: fix
misjudgement of page_action() for errors on mlocked pages"). Note that we
did have the same refcount problem before this commit, but it was just
ignored because we had only first page state check which returned "unknown
page." The commit changed the refcount problem from "doesn't work" to
"kernel panic."
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Currently page_action() does not check dirty flag to determine whether
the error page is "clean mlocked/unevictable LRU" page. This doesn't
cause any misjudgement because we do matching against "dirty
mlocked/unevictable LRU" just before the check. But in order to make
code consistent and/or to avoid potential regression, we had better
check dirty flag explicitly.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Suggested-by: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
error_states[] has two separate states "unevictable LRU page" and
"mlocked LRU page", and the former one has the higher priority now. But
because of that the latter one is rarely chosen because pages with
PageMlocked highly likely have PG_unevictable set. On the other hand,
PG_unevictable without PageMlocked is common for ramfs or SHM_LOCKed
shared memory, so reversing the priority of these two states helps us
clearly distinguish them.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
memory_failure() can't handle memory errors on mlocked pages correctly,
because page_action() judges such errors as ones on "unknown pages"
instead of ones on "unevictable LRU page" or "mlocked LRU page". In
order to determine page_state page_action() checks page flags at the
timing of the judgement, but such page flags are not the same with those
just after memory_failure() is called, because memory_failure() does
unmapping of the error pages before doing page_action(). This unmapping
changes the page state, especially page_remove_rmap() (called from
try_to_unmap_one()) clears PG_mlocked, so page_action() can't catch
mlocked pages after that.
With this patch, we store the page flag of the error page before doing
unmap, and (only) if the first check with page flags at the time decided
the error page is unknown, we do the second check with the stored page
flag. This implementation doesn't change error handling for the page
types for which the first check can determine the page state correctly.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comments]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
No functional change, but the only purpose of the offlining argument to
migrate_pages() etc, was to ensure that __unmap_and_move() could migrate a
KSM page for memory hotremove (which took ksm_thread_mutex) but not for
other callers. Now all cases are safe, remove the arg.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Petr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izik.eidus@ravellosystems.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
num_poisoned_pages counts up the number of pages isolated by memory
errors. But for thp, only one subpage is isolated because memory error
handler splits it, so it's wrong to add (1 << compound_trans_order).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently soft_offline_page() is hard to maintain because it has many
return points and goto statements. All of this mess come from
get_any_page().
This function should only get page refcount as the name implies, but it
does some page isolating actions like SetPageHWPoison() and dequeuing
hugepage. This patch corrects it and introduces some internal
subroutines to make soft offlining code more readable and maintainable.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since MCE is an x86 concept, and this code is in mm/, it would be better
to use the name num_poisoned_pages instead of mce_bad_pages.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/sparse.c]
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are too many return points randomly intermingled with some "goto
done" return points. So adjust the function structure, one for the
success path, the other for the failure path. Use atomic_long_inc
instead of atomic_long_add.
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When doing
$ echo paddr > /sys/devices/system/memory/soft_offline_page
to offline a *free* page, the value of mce_bad_pages will be added, and
the page is set HWPoison flag, but it is still managed by page buddy
alocator.
$ cat /proc/meminfo | grep HardwareCorrupted
shows the value.
If we offline the same page, the value of mce_bad_pages will be added
*again*, this means the value is incorrect now. Assume the page is
still free during this short time.
soft_offline_page()
get_any_page()
"else if (is_free_buddy_page(p))" branch return 0
"goto done";
"atomic_long_add(1, &mce_bad_pages);"
This patch:
Move poisoned page check at the beginning of the function in order to
fix the error.
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma
Pull Automatic NUMA Balancing bare-bones from Mel Gorman:
"There are three implementations for NUMA balancing, this tree
(balancenuma), numacore which has been developed in tip/master and
autonuma which is in aa.git.
In almost all respects balancenuma is the dumbest of the three because
its main impact is on the VM side with no attempt to be smart about
scheduling. In the interest of getting the ball rolling, it would be
desirable to see this much merged for 3.8 with the view to building
scheduler smarts on top and adapting the VM where required for 3.9.
The most recent set of comparisons available from different people are
mel: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/9/108
mingo: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/7/331
tglx: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/437
srikar: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/397
The results are a mixed bag. In my own tests, balancenuma does
reasonably well. It's dumb as rocks and does not regress against
mainline. On the other hand, Ingo's tests shows that balancenuma is
incapable of converging for this workloads driven by perf which is bad
but is potentially explained by the lack of scheduler smarts. Thomas'
results show balancenuma improves on mainline but falls far short of
numacore or autonuma. Srikar's results indicate we all suffer on a
large machine with imbalanced node sizes.
My own testing showed that recent numacore results have improved
dramatically, particularly in the last week but not universally.
We've butted heads heavily on system CPU usage and high levels of
migration even when it shows that overall performance is better.
There are also cases where it regresses. Of interest is that for
specjbb in some configurations it will regress for lower numbers of
warehouses and show gains for higher numbers which is not reported by
the tool by default and sometimes missed in treports. Recently I
reported for numacore that the JVM was crashing with
NullPointerExceptions but currently it's unclear what the source of
this problem is. Initially I thought it was in how numacore batch
handles PTEs but I'm no longer think this is the case. It's possible
numacore is just able to trigger it due to higher rates of migration.
These reports were quite late in the cycle so I/we would like to start
with this tree as it contains much of the code we can agree on and has
not changed significantly over the last 2-3 weeks."
* tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma: (50 commits)
mm/rmap, migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable
mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem
mm: migrate: Account a transhuge page properly when rate limiting
mm: numa: Account for failed allocations and isolations as migration failures
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case build fix
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
mm: sched: numa: Delay PTE scanning until a task is scheduled on a new node
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing if !SCHED_DEBUG
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing
mm: sched: Adapt the scanning rate if a NUMA hinting fault does not migrate
mm: numa: Use a two-stage filter to restrict pages being migrated for unlikely task<->node relationships
mm: numa: migrate: Set last_nid on newly allocated page
mm: numa: split_huge_page: Transfer last_nid on tail page
mm: numa: Introduce last_nid to the page frame
sched: numa: Slowly increase the scanning period as NUMA faults are handled
mm: numa: Rate limit setting of pte_numa if node is saturated
mm: numa: Rate limit the amount of memory that is migrated between nodes
mm: numa: Structures for Migrate On Fault per NUMA migration rate limiting
mm: numa: Migrate pages handled during a pmd_numa hinting fault
mm: numa: Migrate on reference policy
...
action_result() fails to print out "dirty" even if an error occurred on
a dirty pagecache, because when we check PageDirty in action_result() it
was cleared after page isolation even if it's dirty before error
handling. This can break some applications that monitor this message,
so should be fixed.
There are several callers of action_result() except page_action(), but
either of them are not for LRU pages but for free pages or kernel pages,
so we don't have to consider dirty or not for them.
Note that PG_dirty can be set outside page locks as described in commit
6746aff74d ("HWPOISON: shmem: call set_page_dirty() with locked
page"), so this patch does not completely closes the race window, but
just narrows it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: "Jun'ichi Nomura" <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hwpoisoned may be set when we offline a page by the sysfs interface
/sys/devices/system/memory/soft_offline_page or
/sys/devices/system/memory/hard_offline_page. If we don't clear
this flag when onlining pages, this page can't be freed, and will
not in free list. So we can't offline these pages again. So we
should skip such page when offlining pages.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() appears to be too
careful about locking the anon vma: while it needs protection
against anon vma list modifications, it does not need exclusive
access to the list itself.
Transforming this exclusive lock to a read-locked rwsem removes
a global lock from the hot path of page-migration intense
threaded workloads which can cause pathological performance like
this:
96.43% process 0 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] perf_trace_sched_switch
|
--- perf_trace_sched_switch
__schedule
schedule
schedule_preempt_disabled
__mutex_lock_common.isra.6
__mutex_lock_slowpath
mutex_lock
|
|--50.61%-- rmap_walk
| move_to_new_page
| migrate_pages
| migrate_misplaced_page
| __do_numa_page.isra.69
| handle_pte_fault
| handle_mm_fault
| __do_page_fault
| do_page_fault
| page_fault
| __memset_sse2
| |
| --100.00%-- worker_thread
| |
| --100.00%-- start_thread
|
--49.39%-- page_lock_anon_vma
try_to_unmap_anon
try_to_unmap
migrate_pages
migrate_misplaced_page
__do_numa_page.isra.69
handle_pte_fault
handle_mm_fault
__do_page_fault
do_page_fault
page_fault
__memset_sse2
|
--100.00%-- worker_thread
start_thread
With this change applied the profile is now nicely flat
and there's no anon-vma related scheduling/blocking.
Rename anon_vma_[un]lock() => anon_vma_[un]lock_write(),
to make it clearer that it's an exclusive write-lock in
that case - suggested by Rik van Riel.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
The pgmigrate_success and pgmigrate_fail vmstat counters tells the user
about migration activity but not the type or the reason. This patch adds
a tracepoint to identify the type of page migration and why the page is
being migrated.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
When we try to soft-offline a thp tail page, put_page() is called on the
tail page unthinkingly and VM_BUG_ON is triggered in put_compound_page().
This patch splits thp before going into the main body of soft-offlining.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a large VMA (anon or private file mapping) is first touched, which
will populate its anon_vma field, and then split into many regions through
the use of mprotect(), the original anon_vma ends up linking all of the
vmas on a linked list. This can cause rmap to become inefficient, as we
have to walk potentially thousands of irrelevent vmas before finding the
one a given anon page might fall into.
By replacing the same_anon_vma linked list with an interval tree (where
each avc's interval is determined by its vma's start and last pgoffs), we
can make rmap efficient for this use case again.
While the change is large, all of its pieces are fairly simple.
Most places that were walking the same_anon_vma list were looking for a
known pgoff, so they can just use the anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach()
interval tree iterator instead. The exception here is ksm, where the
page's index is not known. It would probably be possible to rework ksm so
that the index would be known, but for now I have decided to keep things
simple and just walk the entirety of the interval tree there.
When updating vma's that already have an anon_vma assigned, we must take
care to re-index the corresponding avc's on their interval tree. This is
done through the use of anon_vma_interval_tree_pre_update_vma() and
anon_vma_interval_tree_post_update_vma(), which remove the avc's from
their interval tree before the update and re-insert them after the update.
The anon_vma stays locked during the update, so there is no chance that
rmap would miss the vmas that are being updated.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement an interval tree as a replacement for the VMA prio_tree. The
algorithms are similar to lib/interval_tree.c; however that code can't be
directly reused as the interval endpoints are not explicitly stored in the
VMA. So instead, the common algorithm is moved into a template and the
details (node type, how to get interval endpoints from the node, etc) are
filled in using the C preprocessor.
Once the interval tree functions are available, using them as a
replacement to the VMA prio tree is a relatively simple, mechanical job.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since we migrate only one hugepage, don't use linked list for passing the
page around. Directly pass the page that need to be migrated as argument.
This also removes the usage of page->lru in the migrate path.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit a6bc32b899 ("mm: compaction: introduce sync-light migration for
use by compaction") changed the declaration of migrate_pages() and
migrate_huge_pages().
But it missed changing the argument of migrate_huge_pages() in
soft_offline_huge_page(). In this case, we should call
migrate_huge_pages() with MIGRATE_SYNC.
Additionally, there is a mismatch between type the of argument and the
function declaration for migrate_pages().
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In commit dad1743e59 ("x86/mce: Only restart instruction after machine
check recovery if it is safe") we fixed mce_notify_process() to force a
signal to the current process if it was not restartable (RIPV bit not
set in MCG_STATUS). But doing it here means that the process doesn't
get told the virtual address of the fault via siginfo_t->si_addr. This
would prevent application level recovery from the fault.
Make a new MF_MUST_KILL flag bit for memory_failure() et al. to use so
that we will provide the right information with the signal.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 3.4+
These things tend to get out of sync with time so let the compiler
automatically enter the current function name using __func__.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This commit changes various functions that change pages and
pageblocks migrate type between MIGRATE_ISOLATE and
MIGRATE_MOVABLE in such a way as to allow to work with
MIGRATE_CMA migrate type.
Signed-off-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Rob Clark <rob.clark@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
Tested-by: Benjamin Gaignard <benjamin.gaignard@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Robert Nelson <robertcnelson@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Barry Song <Baohua.Song@csr.com>
Pull MCE changes from Ingo Molnar.
* 'x86-mce-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/mce: Fix return value of mce_chrdev_read() when erst is disabled
x86/mce: Convert static array of pointers to per-cpu variables
x86/mce: Replace hard coded hex constants with symbolic defines
x86/mce: Recognise machine check bank signature for data path error
x86/mce: Handle "action required" errors
x86/mce: Add mechanism to safely save information in MCE handler
x86/mce: Create helper function to save addr/misc when needed
HWPOISON: Add code to handle "action required" errors.
HWPOISON: Clean up memory_failure() vs. __memory_failure()
Andrea Arcangeli pointed out to me that a check in __memory_failure()
which was intended to prevent THP tail pages from being checked for the
absence of the PG_lru flag (something that is always the case), was also
preventing THP head pages from being checked.
A THP head page could actually benefit from the call to shake_page() by
ending up being put back to a LRU, provided it had been waiting in a
pagevec array.
Andrea suggested that the "!PageTransCompound(p)" in the if-statement
should be replaced by a "!PageTransTail(p)", thus allowing THP head pages
to be checked and possibly shaken.
Signed-off-by: Dean Nelson <dnelson@redhat.com>
Cc: Jin Dongming <jin.dongming@np.css.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds a lightweight sync migrate operation MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT
mode that avoids writing back pages to backing storage. Async compaction
maps to MIGRATE_ASYNC while sync compaction maps to MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT.
For other migrate_pages users such as memory hotplug, MIGRATE_SYNC is
used.
This avoids sync compaction stalling for an excessive length of time,
particularly when copying files to a USB stick where there might be a
large number of dirty pages backed by a filesystem that does not support
->writepages.
[aarcange@redhat.com: This patch is heavily based on Andrea's work]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix fs/nfs/write.c build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix fs/btrfs/disk-io.c build]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add new flag bit "MF_ACTION_REQUIRED" to be used by machine check
code to force a signal with si_code = BUS_MCEERR_AR in the case
where the error occurs in processor execution context. Pass the
flags argument along call chain:
memory_failure()
hwpoison_user_mappings()
kill_procs()
kill_proc()
Drop the "_ao" suffix from kill_procs_ao() and kill_proc_ao() since
they can now handle "action required" as well as "action optional" errors.
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@amd64.org>
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
There is only one caller of memory_failure(), all other users call
__memory_failure() and pass in the flags argument explicitly. The
lone user of memory_failure() will soon need to pass flags too.
Add flags argument to the callsite in mce.c. Delete the old memory_failure()
function, and then rename __memory_failure() without the leading "__".
Provide clearer message when action optional memory errors are ignored.
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@amd64.org>
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
* 'modsplit-Oct31_2011' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux: (230 commits)
Revert "tracing: Include module.h in define_trace.h"
irq: don't put module.h into irq.h for tracking irqgen modules.
bluetooth: macroize two small inlines to avoid module.h
ip_vs.h: fix implicit use of module_get/module_put from module.h
nf_conntrack.h: fix up fallout from implicit moduleparam.h presence
include: replace linux/module.h with "struct module" wherever possible
include: convert various register fcns to macros to avoid include chaining
crypto.h: remove unused crypto_tfm_alg_modname() inline
uwb.h: fix implicit use of asm/page.h for PAGE_SIZE
pm_runtime.h: explicitly requires notifier.h
linux/dmaengine.h: fix implicit use of bitmap.h and asm/page.h
miscdevice.h: fix up implicit use of lists and types
stop_machine.h: fix implicit use of smp.h for smp_processor_id
of: fix implicit use of errno.h in include/linux/of.h
of_platform.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
acpi: remove module.h include from platform/aclinux.h
miscdevice.h: delete unnecessary inclusion of module.h
device_cgroup.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
net: sch_generic remove redundant use of <linux/module.h>
net: inet_timewait_sock doesnt need <linux/module.h>
...
Fix up trivial conflicts (other header files, and removal of the ab3550 mfd driver) in
- drivers/media/dvb/frontends/dibx000_common.c
- drivers/media/video/{mt9m111.c,ov6650.c}
- drivers/mfd/ab3550-core.c
- include/linux/dmaengine.h
Commit fb46e73520 ("HWPOISON: Convert pr_debugs to pr_info) authored
by Andi Kleen converted a number of pr_debug()s to pr_info()s.
About the same time additional code with pr_debug()s was added by two
other commits 8c6c2ecb44 ("HWPOSION, hugetlb: recover from free hugepage
error when !MF_COUNT_INCREASED") and d950b95882 ("HWPOISON, hugetlb:
soft offlining for hugepage"). And these pr_debug()s failed to get
converted to pr_info()s.
This patch converts them as well. And does some minor related whitespace
cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Dean Nelson <dnelson@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Naoya Horiguchi
Luca Stefani
LuK1337
Kaushal Kumar
Wanpeng Li
Minchan Kim
Tony Luck
Chen Yucong
David Rientjes
Jianguo Wu
Hugh Dickins
Xishi Qiu
Linus Torvalds
Wen Congyang
Ingo Molnar
Mel Gorman
Michel Lespinasse
Andrew Morton
Aneesh Kumar K.V
Joonsoo Kim
Borislav Petkov
Michal Nazarewicz
Dean Nelson
Ingo Molnar